아동과 치료자간 치료관계에 대한 연구 = The Therapeutic Relationships Between Child and Therapist

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The object of this study was to analyse the characteristics of therapeutic relationships between child and therapist in the playtherapy of Korea. As the characteristics of therapeutic relationship, the differences of therapeutic relationship by the respect of the sex and age, the differences of perception for therapeutic relationship between child and therapist, and the general groups of therapeutic relationship coming out at the scene of korean child play therapy, have been analyzed. The subjects of this study were 157 children older than 6 years, their parent and therapist of Korea. The korean version of the therapeutic relationship scaled for children The collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, Cronbach'α, Twoway- ANOVA, paired t-test, Cluster analysis. Female children who has joined in play therapy had more positive perception of therapeutic helping relationship than male children. And younger children had more strong positive or negative emotional relationship than older children. Children among the relation of children and therapist perceived more positively the emotional relationship. In the therapeutic relationship between children and therapists of play therapy in Korea, the most widely distributed group was the type, which is perceived therapeutic relationship as good by child and therapist both. And the second was a type, which is perceived emotional relationship as good and therapeutic helping relationship as bad. The next was that is perceived therapeutic relationship as bad. And the last was a type that is perceived therapeutic helping relationship as good but bad emotional relationship.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 놀이치료의 아동과 치료자간 치료관계 특성을 밝히고자 아동의 성별과 연령에 따른 치료관계의 차이, 그리고 아동과 치료자간의 치료관계에 대한 지각의 차이, 놀이치료에서 전형적으로 나타나는 아동과 치료자간 치료관계 군(群)을 살펴보았다. 연구대상은 만 6세 이상의 아동 157명과 치료자 51명이었다. 아동과 치료자간 치료관계 척도는 Shirk와 Saiz(1992)가 개발하고, Kronmueller 등(2003)이 발전시킨 ‘Fragebogen zur Therapeutische Beziehung fuer Kinder und Jugendliche(FTB-KJ) 척도를 방은령, 최명선(2004)이 우리나라에 맞게 타당화한 것을 사용하였다. 자료 분석은 인구학적 분포를 알아보기 위해 빈도와 백분율을 구하였고, 척도의 신뢰도를 분석하기위해 Cronbach' α계수를 산출하였다. 그리고 성별과 연령간의 차이는 알아보기 위해 이원변량분석, 아동과 치료자간 지각차이는 종속표본 t-test, 치료관계 군(涒)을 탐색하기 위해서는 군집분석을 실시하였다. 놀이치료에 참여하는 여아가 남아에 비해 치료적 협력관계와 감정관계를 높게 지각하였고, 유아들이 학령기 이상의 아동에 비해, 그리고 학령전기 아동이 학령후기 아동에 비해 감정관계를 더 강하게 형성하고 있었다. 치료관계에 대해 아동과 치료자간 지각 차이는 치료적 협력관계에서는 차이가 없었으나 감정관계에서 차이를 보였다. 즉, 내담아동이 치료자에 비해 감정관계를 더 긍정적으로 지각하였다. 놀이치료에 참여하는 아동과 치료자들은 ‘좋은 치료관계’를 형성하는 집단이 가장 많았고, 그 다음이 ‘치료적 협력관계는 나쁘나 감정관계는 좋은 집단’이었다. ‘치료자와 아동 모두 치료관계가 나쁘다’고 지각하거나 ‘협력관계는 좋으나 감정관계는 나쁘다고 지각하는 집단’은 비교적 적은 수를 보였다.

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