한국어 공손표현의 의미 = On the Meaning of Polite Expressions in Korean

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Jeon, Hye-Young. 2004. On the Meaning of Polite Expressions in Korean. Korean Semantics, 15. This article deals with polite expressions which is an important subject in Korean pragmatics. With linguistic politeness in Korean discourse being very important, required as social courtesy in Korean society, I take a point of view that politeness is a pragmatic and universal phenomenon. In Chapter 2, I discuss about various linguistic devices to express politeness in Korean, appearing throughout discourse, not only lexical but syntactic and pragmatic as well. In Chapter 3, I explore the semantic basis of polite expression, the fixation of polite expression and the degree of politeness in a polite expression. The semantic basis of polite expression is as follows: Words such as ‘yeansae’, ‘seongham’, ‘toragasida’; the expressions for relieving the burdens of hearer as ‘jom’, ‘yakkan’; endings with [+respect] of honorific expression as ‘-sipsiyo, -saeyo, -o, -gae’, all of the above convey the meaning of politeness. Other expressions such as ‘-neundae(yo)’ of [explanation of situation], ‘-nae(yo)’ of [present perception], used in order to show the speaker’s intention, could be considered to be polite expressions as well. When the basic meaning of the expression is far from politeness like [condition], the more polite one among various expressions could be chosen. I argue that polite expression is not a fixed entity because the same expressions could be consider polite or impolite depending on discourse situations. And I propose there exist varying degrees of politeness in polite expressions and they differ according to various factors such as imposition, power, solidarity, form of discourse, sex distinction, generation etc.

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