한국인의 성고정관념과 권위주의의 관계에 관한 일 연구 = A Study on the Relationship between Gender Stereotypes and Authoritarianism

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Although much has been written about Koreans gender stereotypes with its relationship to the problem of sexual discrimination in Korean society, empirical research on the causal factors that explain the degree of gender stereotypes has been rare. In the present paper the writer argues that authoritarianism is an important explanatory variable in its relation to gender stereotypes.
More than 40 years ago the authors of The Authoritarian Personality, Adorno and his colleagues suggested that authoritarianism is a syndrome that would make a person very susceptible to antiintellectualism and antidemocratic movements. Furthermore it is assumed that a person with an authoritarian personality exibites such syndromes as aggression, power orientation, antiliberalism, stereotyping, prejudice, dichotomizing of sex roles and sexism.
These syndromes point to the psychoanalytic perspective of Adorno and his colleagues, who attempted to explain the development of the authoritarian personality by describing its typical family background. An authorirarian person would have been raised in a family with a dominant, power-oriented father and a restrictive mother. In this family or social environment, disobedience would be strongly suppressed and in consequence aggressive feelings would not be focused on their parents but on less powerful persons such as minorities in terms of race, social status and sex.
In any rate, in this study it is well confirmed that authoritarianism is strongly related to the sexual prejudice in Korea. This study is based on research carried out between November, 1990 and May, 1991. The survey respondents are 3,974 persons whose ages are over 20. Most of these respondents are rather well educated middle class Korean men and women, and thus the findings based on this sample should not be regarded as applicable to all of Korean people. The major independent variable, authoritarianism is operationalized in terms Form 45 of the F Scale (fascism scale) originally developed by Adorno and his colleagues. However the index of authoritarianism of the present study consists of 5 items in comparison to the relevant theoretical concepts.
Major findings of this study is as follows. As hypothesized in the study authoritarianism is highly correlated with gender stereotypes (r=.60, P<.001) regardless of various social backgrounds, i.e., sex, education, age, income, and marital status. Among the background variables, sex is most strongly related with gender stereotypes(r=.35, p<,001), but this correlation is far weaker than that between authoritarianism and gender stereotypes. The implication is that sex is an important variable as far as sexual prejudice is concerned but authoritarianism is a lot more important variable which explains the degree of gender prejudice. This interpretation is supported by the fact that in both sexual groups correlations between authoritarianism and sexual prejudices are very strong and this relationship does not vary in a significant degree according to sex.
The reason shy authoritarianism would be significantly related to gender stereotypes is not clear yet regardless o the fact that this study supports it empiricably. Adornos psychoanalytic argument provides us some clue and recent theoretical suggestion from cognitive psychological approach or moral development theories also provides us necessities for further studies.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 연구과제
• II. 조사방법
• 1. 조사절차 및 자료수집
• 2. 개념의 조작화와 경험적 지표
• 3. 자료분석
• III. 결론
• 참고문헌
• 영문초록