Wechsler 지능검사에서 관리기능과 비관리기능의 비교 = Assessment of Executive and Non-executive Functions Using Wechsler Scales

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

One of the critical defects of Wechsler scales is its insensitivity to executive functions. However, not all subtests of Wechsler scales are completely insensitive to executive functions, but some subtests are relatively sensitive to executive functions. The goal of the present study was to devise a method to compare executive and non-executive functions using Wechsler scales. A validity study using schizophrenic patients indicated that Block Design and Digit Symbol are relatively sensitive to executive functions, whereas Information and Comprehension are insensitive to executive functions. A normative study was also performed to provide normative data for comparing the average of Block Design and Digit Symbol with the average of Information and Comprehension. Even Wechsler subtests that are relatively sensitive to executive functions were less sensitive to executive functions than specialized executive-function tests. These results indicate that assessment of executive functions based on Wechsler scales is clinically useful but not sufficiently sensitive to executive functions. Thus, use of specialized executive-function tests is essential to properly assess executive functions.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "지능검사와 신경심리검사는 무엇이 다른가" 22 : 141-158, 2003

2 "정신분열증 환자의 인지 결함" 21 : 377-389, 2002

3 "정신분열병 환자의 지능" 5 : 341-356, 2004a

4 "정신분열병 환자의 전두엽-관리기능" 23 : 23-43, 2004b

5 "정신분열병 환자의 신경심리학적 특성: 기억능력과 실행능력을 중심으로" 5 : 101-114, 1996

6 "정신분열병 환자의 기억기능" 43 : 407-414, 2004

7 "숫자 바로 따라 외우기와 거꾸로 따라 외우기의 차이에 관한 규준 연구" 22 : 599-613, 2003

8 "Three patterns of brain damage on the WAIS" 35 : 611-620, 1979

9 "Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence:A critical experiment" 54 : 1-22, 1963

10 "The use of Wechsler’s deterioration quotient in cases of diffuse and symmetrical cerebral atrophy" 26 : 174-177, 1970

11 "The relative rates of decline of Wechsler-Bellevue Journal of Consulting Psychology" 440-443, 1949

12 "The executive control battery" PsychPress 1999

13 "Rey-Kim 기억검사: 해설서." 도서출판 신경심리 1999a

14 "Remodeling old models of intelligence Handbook of intelligence" 267-300, 1985

15 "Principles of human neuropsychology" McGraw Hill 2002

16 "Neurobehavioral anatomy." University Press of Colorado 2001

17 "Measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence" 1958

18 "Kims 전두엽-관리기능 신경심리검사: 해설서" 도서출판 신경심리 2001

19 "K-WAIS의 활용을 위한 세 가지 고찰" 18 : 179-186, 1999b

20 "K-WAIS 실시요강" 한국 가이던스 1992

21 "INS Dictionary of Neuropsychology" Oxford University Press 1999

22 "Frontal/ executive impairments in schizophrenia" 22 : 125-137, 1996

23 "Frontal- subcortical circuits and neuropsychiatric disorders" 6 : 358-370, 1994

24 "Executive functions and developmental psychopathology" 37 : 51-87, 1996

25 "Executive dysfunction in schizophrenia" Oxford University Press 51-72, 2000

26 "Diagnostic utility of the Thurstone Word Fluency Test in neuropsychological evaluations Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology" 307-317, 1982

27 "Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders" 1994

28 "Delis-Kaplan executive function system" The Psychological Corporation. 2001

29 "Cognition in schizophrenia: impairments, importance and treatment strategies." Oxford University Press 2000

30 "Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome(BADS) Manual" Thames Valley Test Company 1996

31 "Attention, intelligence, and the frontal lobes" MIT Press 721-733, 1995