팀 유형과 리더십 스타일이 팀 유효성에 미치는 상호작용 효과 = The Interaction Effects of Leadership Style and Team Type on team Effectiveness

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 리더십 스타일과 팀 유형이 팀 유효성에 미치는 차별적 효과를 실험실 실험으로서 밝히는데 있다. 2(팀 유형: 가상 팀/대면 팀) × 3(리더십 스타일: 변혁적 리더십/거래적 리더십/자유방임적 리더십) 요인실험 설계를 사용한 본 연구에서는 216명의 대학생이 실험에 참가했다. 최종적으로 불성실하게 참여한 학생을 제외하고 총 209명의 자료가 분석에 사용되었으며 각 팀은 3명에서 4명으로 구성되었다. 리더역할을 수행하는 실험 협조자는 채팅을 사용하여 의사소통하는 가상 팀과 직접 대화하는 대면 팀에서, 정해진 스크립트에 따라 리더 행동을 조작했다. 이원변량분석을 통한 분석 결과, 과제수행 효율성과 팀 만족으로 측정한 팀 유효성에 팀 유형의 주효과가 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 팀 유효성에 대한 리더십의 주효과가 나타났으며 팀 유효성은 변혁적 리더십>거래적 리더십>자유방임적 리더십의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 마지막으로 팀 유효성에 대한 팀 유형과 리더십 스타일의 상호작용효과가 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 가상 팀에서의 변혁적 리더십 조건은 다른 조건에 비해 높은 과제수행 효율성과 팀 만족을 보였다. 따라서 지식기반사회인 21세기에 일반화가 예상되는 가상 작업팀에서도 타 리더십에 비해서 여전히 변혁적 리더십이 유효하다는 시사를 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구는 국내외에서 대면 팀과 가상 팀을 설정하여 리더십 스타일의 인과적 영향을 검증한 실험실 실험 연구가 드물다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

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