미국의 TOD 계획 및 정책의 경험으로부터의 교훈 = Lessons from Experiences of the US TOD Planning and Policies

국문 초록 (Abstract)

미국의 TOD와 관련된 계획과 정책의 역사는 1980년대로 거슬러 올라간다. TOD와 유사한 개념인 우리나라의 역세권 개발계획의 기본방향에 대한 제시가 1980년대 초반에 제시된 이래로 지속적인 논의가 있어 왔으나, 실질적으로 우리의 TOD의 계획과 정책의 경험은 거의 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 TOD의 계획요소들과 기대와 관련하여 TOD정책수립에 있어 실질적인 교훈을 미국의 경험으로부터 도출하고자 한다. 미국의 도시공간구조나 다른 여타의 특성들이 우리의 그것과 다르다 할지라도, 미국의 선례는 우리의 TOD의 계획과 정책의 수단 및 방향을 구축하는 데 중요한 간접경험을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. TOD가 미국의 중요한 도시계획 및 교통계획의 주제가 되면서 TOD는 구성요소와 기대효과에 대한 논쟁이 지난 20여년동안 지속되어 왔다. TOD 구성요소와 관련하여서는, 주로 지하철역 중심의 고밀의 복합적 토지이용과 더불어 역주변의 주차공간을 계획적으로 축소할 것을 제안하고 있다. 그러나 현실적으로 TOD는 지하철역뿐만 아니라 대중교통결절점 중심으로 재편되어야 한다는 것이 바람직하며, 버스정류장을 중심으로 한 TOD의 정책수립도 배제하고 있지 않다는 사실을 파악하였다. 또한 대중교통결절점 주변의 지하철역에서의 주차공간의 제공은 단기적으로 바람직한 대안이나, 대중교통수요를 증대하기 위하여 장기적으로 주차공간의 축소하는 정책이 보다 바람직함을 파악할 수 있었다. 한편, TOD의 정책목표가 달성되기 위해서는 다른 정책, 예를 들어 교통수요관리정책과 같은 전략들과 종합적으로 접근할 경우에 보다 높은 기대효과를 달성할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 정책적 효과의 측면에서 토지이용이나 교통계획의 일방향적인 접근은 그 효과를 충분히 달성하기 어려우므로, 토지이용과 교통과의 연관성을 파악하여 정책수단을 수립할 필요성이 확인되었다.

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