영국헌정주의의 기원과 코먼로 = The Origins of English Constitutionalism and Common Law

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

British constitutional system achieved by the Glorious Revolution of the late 17th century has been continued so far without fundamental change. Recently, the UK has faced some important changes to the tradition, which require reactions by political parties and serious theoretical reflections. This study examines the constitutional argument in the 17th century as a starting point of British constitutionalism, in order to understand implications of recent changes. In Stuart England common law theorists represented by Sir Edward Coke resisted against the expansion of royal power based on absolutist ideology, justifying protection of freedom and properties of individuals on the basis of traditional English laws. Of course, it cannot be denied that radical theory of social contract and theory of natural rights contributed to the development of English liberalism through political conflicts and civil wars afterwards. Nevertheless, inviolability of human rights and limitedness of political authority based on common law constitutionalism have become important part of English liberalism.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

17세기 후반의 명예혁명으로 성립된 영국 헌정체제는 근본적 변화없이 최근까지 존속되어 왔다. 최근 영국은 이러한 전통에 대한 몇 가지 중요한 변화에 직면해 있고, 이 변화들은 현실의 정치권에서의 대응은 물론이고 다양한 이론적 성찰을 요구하고 있다. 이 연구는 최근 영국 헌정주의의 변화의 의미를 이해하기 위해 영국 헌정주의의 출발인 17세기 헌정논쟁을 분석하였다. 당시 쿠크(Sir Edward Coke)를 위시한 코먼로 법률가들은 개인의 자유와 재산에 대한 보호를 영국의 전통적 법규범으로 정당화하면서 왕권의 절대주의적 확장에 이념적으로 저항하였다. 물론, 그 이후의 정치적 갈등과 내전 등을 통해 급진적 성격의 사회계약론과 자연권 이론 등이 영국의 자유주의의 발전에 기여하였다는 사실은 부정할 수 없다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 코먼로 헌정주의(Common Law Constitutionalism)를 통해 행해진 시민의 권리의 불가침성과 정치적 권위의 유한성의 영국 자유주의의 중요한 한 부분을 이루었다.

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