한국과 독일 청소년의 정서적 자율성에 관한 연구 = Emotional Autonomy in Korean and German Adolescents

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to compare the development of emotional autonomy in Korean and German adolescents. A sample of 816 12-16 year olds completed a questionnaire battery concerning six aspects of emotional autonomy and two aspects of relationships with parents. A three-way ANOVA revealed significant cultural, gender and age differences. German adolescents scored higher than Korean counterparts in the subscales of emotional autonomy of parental deidealization, perception of parents as people and non-dependency on parents. But the scores in individuation and self-control were higher in the Korean adolescents. Emotional autonomy with scores in four subscales increased over the age range studied: parental deidealization, individuation, non-dependency on parents and responsibility. Sex differences were evident on two subscales: perception of parents as people and non-dependency on parents. Both Korean and German adolescents evaluated their relationships with parents as positive but Korean subjects scored higher than German counterparts in emotional pressure. Self-control was the only subscale which was positively correlated with relationships with parents.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

한국과 독일 청소년들의 정서적 자율성 발달을 분석하기 위하여 정서적 자율성의 6개 영역과 부모자녀 관계 2개 영역을 측정하는 척도를 개발하여 12세에서 16세 사이의 청소년 816명을 대상으로 조사하였다. 국가, 성별, 연령에 따른 3원 변량분석 결과 독일의 청소년들이 부모의 탈 이상화, 평범한 인간으로서의 부모지각과 부모로부터의 탈 의존 경향을 더 강하게 보인 반면에 한국 청소년들에게서는 개별화와 자기통제 경향이 더 높았고 책임감은 두 문화에서 모두 비교적 높게 나타났다. 부모의 탈 이상화, 개별화, 부모로부터의 탈 의존, 책임감 영역이 연령에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 성별에 따른 차이는 평범한 인간으로서의 부모지각, 부모로부터의 탈 의존에서만 나타났다. 한국과 독일 청소년 모두 부모자녀 관계를 양호한 것으로 지각하였고 부모의 기대에 대한 정서적 부담감은 한국의 청소년들이 더 많이 느끼고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 정서적 자율성과 부모자녀 관계의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 우호적인 부모자녀 관계와 자기통제는 정적인 상관관계를 보인 반면에 부모의 탈 이상화, 평범한 인간으로서의 부모지각, 개별화, 부모로부터의 탈 의존과는 부적 상관관계를 보였다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "한국인의 부모자녀관계" 교육과학사 2004

2 "한국과 독일 대학생의 도덕적 정서에 관한 개념화 연구 :긍정적 정서로서의 도덕적 정서의 탐색" 17 (17): 1-17, 2004

3 "청소년과 성인간의 세대 차이와 유사성" 6 (6): 99-120, 2000

4 "청소년-어머지 갈등과 관련변인들 성별, 연령, 신체성숙, 주관적연령, 애착을 중심으로" 18 (18): 95-113, 2005

5 "청년후기의 부모에 대한 애착, 분리-개별화 및 심리사회적 적응" 15 (15): 101-121, 2002

6 "교육현장에서 세대간 갈등과 해소 구조의 탐구" 17 (17): 57-80, 2004

7 "revisiting the vicissitudes of adolescence and young adulthood" emotional auto (emotional auto): 340-356, 1989

8 "Youth in two worlds" Jossey-Bass 1972

9 "We know some things:Parent-adolescent relationships in retrospect and prospect" 11 : 1-19, 2001

10 "The vicissitudes of measurement a confirmatory factor analysis of the Emotional Autonomy Scale" 72 : 207-219, 2001

11 "The vicissitudes of autonomy in early adolescence" 841-851, 1986

12 "The duality of human existence" Rand McNally 1966

13 "The development of close relationships in Japan and the United States Paths of symbiotic harmony and generative tension" 71 : 1121-1142, 2000

14 "The detachment debate: The separationadjustment link in adolescence" Katholische Universitt Leuven 2001

15 "The concept of human nature in East Asia: Etic and emic characteristics" 2 : 9-51, 1996

16 "The autonomous-relational self: a new synthesis" 1 : 180-186, 1996

17 "Stability and change in attachment security across adolescence" 75 : 1792-1805, 2004

18 "Self- determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being" 55 (55): 68-78, 2000

19 "Selbstndig werden im Gesprch. Wie Jugendliche und Eltern ihre Beziehung verndern." Huber 2003

20 "Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses" 128 (128): 3-72, 2002a

21 "Political attitudes and behavior in Germany The making of a democratic society From Bundesrepublik to Deutschland University of Michigan" 33-58, 1993

22 "New perspectives on socialization and parent- child relationship in Korea: The role of Korean women" Poland 2000

23 "New directions in socialization research" 35 : 639-652, 1980

24 "Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic and Political Change in 43 Societies" Princeton University Press 1997

25 "Individuation and attachment in personality development Journal of Personality" 224-256, 1985

26 "Individualism and collectivism" Westview Press 1995

27 "Implications for cognition" 224-253, 1991

28 "Identitt und Lebenszyklus" Suhrkamp 1977

29 "Familienbeziehungen zwischen Schule und Ausbildung" Waxmann 1998

30 "Entwicklungspsychologie des Jugendalters" Leske+Budrich 2001

31 "Entwicklung- spsychologie der Adoleszenz" Huber 2002

32 "Entwicklung der Eltern- Kind-Beziehung im Jugendalter und Zusammenhnge mit Problemverhalten von Jugendlichen: Ein kritischer Beitrag zur Individuationstheorie" TU Darmstadt 2003

33 "Emotionale Autonomie im Jugendalter: Dekonstruktion einer Skala und Rekons- truktion eines Konzeptes" Pabst Science Publishes 2002

34 "Emotionale Ablsung im Jugendalter: Ein Methodenstudie" Universitt Leipzig 2003

35 "Emotional autonomy, psychological adjustment, and parenting: Interactions, moderating, and mediating effects" 22 : 753-769, 1999

36 "Emotional autonomy and depression among Chinese adolescents" 161 : 161-168, 2000

37 "Die Eltern-Kind- Beziehung in der Auszugsphase Die neue Balance zwischen Verbundenheit und Abgrenzung" 20 : 379-390, 2000

38 "Defining psychosocial maturity in adolescence" Lexington 54-81, 1984

39 "Cultural psychology, a new look: Reply to Bond, Fiske, Kitayama, and Miller" 128 (128): 110-117, 2002b

40 "Cultural mediation of autonomy-relatedness dynamics in adolescence" Jena 2000

41 "Aspects of individualism and collectivism in Korea" 157-174, 1994

42 "Adolescents‘ relations with mothers University of Chicago Press" 1985

43 "Adolescent development in family contexts" Wiley 3 : 1097-1149, 1998

44 "Adolescence" Klett- Cotta 1983

45 "Adolescence" 13 : 255-278, 1958

46 "A structural model of autonomy in middle and late adolescence: connectedness, separation, detachment, and agency" 32 : 351-365, 2003