뇌 발달 접근에서 본 유아교육의 방향 = Research in Brain Development and its Implications forEarly Childhood Education

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 최근 급속도로 발달한 뇌 과학의 연구결과를 기반으로, 뇌 기반 유아교육의 방향을 제시하려는 데 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 위해, 유아의 뇌 발달에 대해 논의하고 이어서 유아의 뇌 발달에 기반을 둔 유아교육의 방향을 제시하였다. 유아의 뇌 발달에서는 뉴런, 교세포 및 시냅스와 같은 뇌 구성요소의 발달과 뇌 구조와 기능의 발달에 대해 논의하였다. 이러한 논의를 통해, 3세 무렵 시냅스 밀도와 뇌 무게가 안정기에 이르고 뇌의 기초공사가 이루어지며, 3～6세까지는 전두엽 발달이 가속적으로 이루어짐을 확인하였다. 뇌 발달 접근에서 본 유아교육의 방향에서는 뇌 기반 유아교육의 선행요건 즉, 3～5세 유아를 위한 공교육화와 독립된 학제에 대해 논의하고, 이어서 뇌 발달에 기반을 둔 유아교육의 방향을 제시하였다: (1) 풍요로운 경험을 제공해야 한다, (2) 다양한 유아의 요구를 고려해야 한다, (3) 유아의 정서를 고려해야 한다, (4) 의미형성의 기회를 제공해야 한다. 이러한 논제 외에, 뇌 기반 유아교육에 관심 있는 교사들이 명심해야 할 몇 가지 사항을 제시하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study looks at current research in brain development and discusses its implications for early childhood education, particularly for children from 3 through 5 years of age. It is known that at the age of three, the synapse density and weight of the human brain reaches a plateau period and the foundations of brain are built up by that age. Thus, from three to six years of age, developments in the frontal lobe are greatly accelerated. Given these substantiated findings, the implications for early childhood education should include establishing within the public school system, a separate education system for children aged 3 to 5. In this separate system, curricular activities based on knowledge of brain development would include (1) Providing enriched learning experiences, (2) Considering the needs of diverse learners, (3) Taking young children’s emotions into consideration and (4) Providing many opportunities for young children to construct and shape meaning.

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