언어적 입력의 품사가 영아의 초기 어휘발달에 미치는 영향 = The effects of lexical category of maternal linguistic inputs on early lexical development of Korean infants.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 어머니의 언어적 입력을 품사별로 분류하여 어머니 말의 품사가 영아의 초기 어휘발달에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 13개월부터 36개월 영아들과 그들의 어머니가 글 없는 그림책읽기를 하는 상황에서 어머니의 언어적 입력을 모두 녹음하여 품사별로 분류하였고 영아의 어휘는 체크리스트로 측정하였다. 그 결과 어머니의 언어적 입력은 총 어휘수(token)로 보면 명사가 가장 많았고, 어휘의 종류수(type)로 보았을 때에는 동사가 가장 많았다. 어휘수로 볼 때 영아의 표현어휘수에 대해 가장 큰 설명력을 지닌 품사는 대명사로 나타났고 특히 저 월령에서는 명사와 관형사가 영아의 표현어휘를 유의하게 설명하였다. 한편 어휘종류별 품사를 중심으로 보면 역시 대명사가 영아의 표현어휘를 유의하게 설명하였으며, 저 월령에서는 명사와 관형사가, 고 월령에서는 대명사가 영아의 표현어휘를 유의하게 설명하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 한국 영아의 어휘습득에서 명사 뿐 아니라 관형사, 대명사와 같은 품사가 중요한 변인이 됨을 보여주며 영아의 월령에 따라 언어발달에 영향을 주는 품사가 명사, 관형사에서 대명사로 변화하는 것은 어머니의 상호작용 유형의 변화와도 관계되는 것으로 해석된다. 또한 본 연구의 결과가 초기 어휘습득에서 명사의 영향을 강조하는 제약성 이론에 갖는 시사점을 논의하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We investigated which lexical categories of maternal inputs predict most to infants' lexical development. The constraints view predicts that nouns are the most influencing lexical category, whereas the linguistic specificity view predicts verbs are the ones. Twenty six 13- to 36-month-old infants and their mothers were audiotaped when the mothers read a wordless picture book to their infants. All the words(i.e., the word token) as well as different words(i.e., the word types) in mothers' inputs were categorized into 7 lexical categories of Korean grammar. To assess the infants' vocabulary size, MCDI-K vocabulary checklist was used. The results show that, both in type and token analyses, pronouns were the most influencing word category. Further analyses showed that nouns and determinants were the significant predictors only for the younger infant group in the both type and token analyses. And for the type analysis, pronoun category was a significant predictor only for the older infant group. These results were reinterpreted as favoring the constraints view rather than the linguistic specificity view. Also the results indicated that lexical categories other than nouns and verbs are positive predictors of Korean infants' lexical development.

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