문화적응이론의 전개와 현황 = Recent Developments in acculturation theories.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Research on culture travel, culture contact and acculturation have increased dramatically since the 1980's. The research not only increased in quantity, but also went through qualitative development with the establishment of theoretical paradigms with reference to psychological theories in various fields. This paper reviews the major concepts such as between- and within-society contact, culture shock and psychological acculturation, and consequences of acculturation. It also examines major research topics for various acculturating groups such as immigrants, sojourners, refugees, ethnocultural groups and tourists. The developments in research in major theoretical paradigms, culture learning, stress, coping and adjustment, social identification theory, and Berry's acculturation theory were reviewed. Finally challenges for future research in acculturation and the need for research on the Korean situation were discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

문화간 이동과 접촉의 과정에서 발생하는 적응문제에 대한 연구는 1980년경부터 크게 증가하여, 연구성과들이 양적으로도 쏟아져 나왔고, 다양한 심리학 분야의 이론들과 연계하여 질적으로도 이론의 체계를 갖추기 시작하였다. 이 글에서는 문화적응 분야의 이론적 발전과정과 최근의 현황을 소개하고, 평가하였다. 우선 사회내 접촉과 사회간 접촉의 구분, 문화적응을 가리키는 여러 개념, 문화적응의 결과 등, 이 분야 관련 연구의 주요 개념들을 소개하고, 이민자, 체류자, 난민, 토착민, 민족문화집단, 관광객 등 문화적응 과정에 있는 집단 별로 지금까지 다루어온 주요 연구주제들을 살펴보았다. 다음으로는 문화적응 분야의 주요 이론적 패러다임들인 문화 학습이론, 스트레스 대처 이론, 사회 정체감 이론, Berry의 문화적응 이론 등의 전개와 현황을 논의하였다. 결론에서는 현재 한국 사회에서 일어나고 있는 문화적응의 문제들과 이에 대한 연구가 매우 미약한 현황, 그리고 앞으로의 과제에 대하여 논의하였다.

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