1948~1953년 이승만의 권력강화와 국민회 활용 : 1948~1953 = A Study on the Fortifying of Power of Rhee, Syngman and the Utilizing of the National Society

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It was the rightist public groups formed during the U.S. Military Government that played a crucial role in strengthening Rhee, Syngman's power base right after the establishment of the Korean government.
Rhee transformed the public organizations into the half-governmental ones for the purpose of activating national campaigns. At the same time, he subsidized the groups in part. In 1951, Rhee formed the Liberal Party (hereafter, LP) with a view to being reelected and into it incorporated the public groups as the skeleton groups. Therefore, the public groups, in fact, came to be more closely related to politics rather than standing aloof from it.
As a power base for Rhee, the public groups had a great strength in that they could mobilize an immense multitude through the national networks. As his relations with the opposition party got tense, Rhee tried to gain control over the opposing forces by spreading the public groups large-scale demonstrations against the opposition, under the name of the so-called 'popular will'.
The mobilization of the nation by way of the public organizations was the briskest when the constitutional amendment regarding the parliamentary government was presented by a pivotal party, i.e., the Democratic Nationalist Party, in 1949, when the amendment about the direct election of president handed in by the administration was rejected by the National Assembly in 1951, and when the truce talks were developed.
These national movements by the public groups were developed, being intimately related with the LP since 1951. When it got associated with the war situation, the public groups also promoted a movement as for anti-armistice, northward unification, and anti-truce-talks. This can be said to bring about a more forcible ideology of anticommunism.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 머리말
• 1. 미군정기 독립촉성국민회의 결성과 단독정부수립운동
• 1) 독립촉성군민회의 결성 과정
• 2) 단독정부수립운동과 독촉국민회의 활용
• 2. 1948~1950년 국민회의 성격 변화
• 1) 국민회의 정당 전환 시도
• 2) 반관반민(半官半民)단체로의 전환
• 3. 1951~1953년 국민동원과 국민회
• 1) 자유당 기간단체로의 편입
• 2) 국민회를 통한 국민동원
• 맺음말