초등학교 수학 교과서에 나오는 자연수의 사칙 연산 문장제 분석 = An Analysis of Word Problems of the Four Fundamental Operations in Elementary School Mathematics Textbooks

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 초등학교 학생의 자연수 사칙 연산에 관한 문장제 해결 능력은 문장제 구성요소에 따라서 어떻게 다른지, 또 제7차 교육 과정에 의한 초등학교 수학 교과서와 익힘책에서 자연수의 사칙 연산 문장제의 구문론, 의미론, 소재별 특성은 단계별로 어떠한 빈도와 분포로 나타나는지를 알아보았다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the word problems of the four fundamental operations in elementary school mathematics textbooks and workbooks based on the 7th Mathematics Curriculum. In the study the components of the word problems are proposed as the syntax, the semantics and topics.
The subjects of the study are 540 students(2nd and 3rd grade) selected from an elementary school located in Jinju and the 436 word problems of the four fundamental operations in the elementary mathematics textbook and mathematics workbooks(1-Ga stage to 4-Ga stage).
The followings are the result of the study.
First, children's ability to solve word problems is poor in word problems with long sentences, with inconsistency between the order of data mention and calculation order, and with unnecessary information.
Second, as for the semantic, children easily solve Part-Part-Whole 1 type and Join 1 type of the addition, and Separate type of subtraction. It implies that it is difficult for children to solve the word problems with the unknown in the starting group. Word problem solving ability is poor at Compare type in subtraction, Cartesian Products type in multiplication, and Measurement type in division.
Third, word problems with inconsistency between the order of data mention and calculation order, and with unnecessary information are rarely presented in the textbook and workbooks. The problems were biased to Part-Part-Whole type of the addition situation, Separate type of subtraction situation, and the Repeated Addition type of multiplication situation and and Measurement type of division situation. Considering that these types generally showed high success rate in problem solution, we can guess they can solve the problems easily similar to the ones presented in the textbook.
Fourth, most topics in textbooks and workbooks are fairy books, fruits, stationery, number of people, transportation, food and animals.
Summarizing the above study results, word problems presented in the textbooks were biased to specific syntax, semantics and topics. To nurture the problem solving abilities, we need to present diversified word problems considering the difficulties. Additionally, teachers need to reorganize teaching plans and establish evaluation methods considering the difficulty level of each component of the problem situation in order to develop the problem solving abilities, because students show different problem solving abilities according to operation type.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경
• 1. 문장제의 의미
• 2. 문장제의 구성요소
• Ⅲ. 연구 방법 및 결과
• 1. 문장제 유형별 성공률 조사
• 2. 수학 교과서 문장제 구성 요소별 분석 방법
• 3. 수학 교과서 문장제 구성 요소별 분석 결과
• Ⅳ. 결론 및 제언
• 참고문헌
• ABSTRACT