6·25전쟁기 미군의 삐라 심리전과 냉전 이데올로기 = Psychological Leaflet Warfare of the US Army and Cold War Ideology Mirrored in the Korean War

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As it was interconnected with the Cold War status of a global scale, the Korean War gave us one of the most vivid demonstrations of clashes between ideologies in recent history. Naturally in a war with such nature, the opponents not only used armies and weapons. They resorted to psychological warfare and tactics utilizing propaganda as well. Literally, the combatants made up images and spreaded them.
In this research, the leaflets deployed and distributed by the UN forces, the North Korean army and the Chinese communist forces are mainly examined. Although the research would concentrate more on the US army's tactics of psychological warfare, the primary objective for this research is to determine what kind of 'Images of War' were produced, and what were the mindsets behind such creations. By conducting such research, we would be able to identify the official ideologies that the combatants wanted to force the general public to accept. We would also be able to figure out how such images and ideologies were accepted and processed in the general public's mind. And in the end, we should be able to determine how people with war experiences got to possess and maintain memories regarding certain events that happened during the war.
Leaflets were distinctively important methods used in psychological warfare. The US army had distributed more than 25 billion pieces of leaflet since the war began and till the truce was made. Those leaflets were designed to provide personal incentives to the recipients or persuade them to have second thoughts about their status in terms of ideological preferences. The former included examples of sun-ender passes or suggestions of good treatment to the potential prisoners of war. The latter contained stories with themes such as the supposed harsh treatment of the public committed by Communist regimes, or criticism against North Korea and China for being the so-called 'Puppet regimes' of the Soviet Russia.
The theory of a fake, 'false Kim Il Sung' is a typical form of the latter. This theory was created during the time period when the US army set up a military government in Korea, and was spreaded during the Korean war by US Army Far East Command. US also started to depict China as a puppet of USSR after the Communization of China. The Secretary of State Department Dean Rusk openly said on May 1951 that the People's Republic of China was merely a 'Slavic Manchukuo'. The fact that a theory of this nature was included even in the report of the Far East Command strongly suggests that the US army was in political need of the image of Kim Il Sung being nothing but a false figure. This image, and the intentions surrounding its creation, clearly demonstrates a Cold War mentality, and we can see that US had to maintain that image because of its own political and economical interests.
Many American social scientists, especially the behavioral scientists, contributed to the us army's creation of a 'Cold War Enemy'. These people served as consultants for the us army, and played an instrumental role in applying psychological warfare tactics based on behavioral science developed during the World War II, to the Korean war that in tum provided the American community of social scientists with the very first opportunity to study the Communist society firsthand. American social scientists studied the Korth Korean society through the Sovietization theory, and created images of the NK based on that theory.
Korean war is mostly remembered as a ideological walfare. As the war progressed, the ideological and international nature of the war became more and more apparent, and in the end ideological propaganda became a more important issue than any other things, even including the outcome of the actual war. Korean war served as a battle field of an international scale which required the combatants to playa psychological warfare for their ideology and interest. This led to the enforcement of Anti-Communism sentimentality inside the Korean society, and the sentimentality's hatching numerous political images.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 머리말
• 1. 6·25전쟁기 심리전과 삐라
• 1) UN군 삐라의 내용적, 형태적 특성
• 2) 북한군과 중국군 삐라의 내용적, 형태적 특징
• 2. 삐라, 이미지 전쟁, 이데올로기
• 3. 심리전의 인식론
• 맺음말