독립국가연합의 탄생과정 = Birth Process of Commonwealth of Independent States

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Lenin established the Communist State through the revolution in October 1917. But he soon died and Stalin governed the country earnestly. Soviet Union became a superpower but the people were poor. Gorbachev wanted to lead a life worthy of man, he cried for reform, namely Perestroika and Glasnost. After all he was withdrawn, Soviet Union was changed Commonwealth of Independent States. The process is as follows.
(1) Propulsion of democratization
Gorbachev permitted activity of the private enterprises and he guaranted autonomy of the state enterprises. But prices were up, distribution order fell into utter confusion and shortage of the goods fomented social disorder. In order to propel democratization, he amended the electoral law, a new election was held in June 1987.
As a necessary consequence the communists were defeated in the election in large numbers, on the contrary nonpartisan candidates were elected in great numbers.
(2) Economic reform
Gorbachev increased wages of laborers and lowered them of administrators and engineers. And he permitted large enterprises to collaborate with foreigners. Also individuals went to length of making repairs on motorcars and houses and manufacturing on furnitures. But the conservatives and a large numbers of party officers opposed the introduction of .the private ownership system. After all economic reform brought about confusion and inflation.
(3) Entry of Yeltsin
It was a chance that Coup d'etat of August 1991 made Yeltsin a political leader. He attacked fiercely on Grobachev's policy, while he concluded a treaty with other republics on political and economic matters. He caused complications between conservatives, afterwards he was inaugurated as president on election. He prohibited cell activity of the Communist Party in the administrative machinaries and the public institutions.
(4) Nationalism and independence movement of Republics
First of all Azerbaizan republic insisted on independence and next was Grugia. A cause of independence was badly damaged by Gorbachev's policy. Successively Armenia, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia declared independence. As the result Kazakh, Uzbek, Kirghiz, Tadzhik, Turkmen, Azerbaizan, Armenia, Byelorussi, Ukraina, Moldavia and Russia made Commonwealth of Independent States.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 一. 서언
• 二. 고르바초프의 개혁정책
• 1. 소련의 상황
• 2. 민주화 추진
• 3. 경제개혁의 시행
• 三. 소련의 해체와 독립국가연합의 탄생
• 1. 쿠테타
• 2. 옐친의 등장
• 3. 민족주의와 각공화국의 독립운동
• 四. 결론