전북김제지방의 북한난민개척촌에 관한 연구 = Reclamation Settlements of Refugees from North Korea : A Case Study of Kimje Area

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study investigates the process in which refugees from North Korea from the 8. 15 Liberation until the armistice of the Korean War have settled in South Korea, with special reference to the historical development of their settlement. All kinds of reference data concerning the number of these refugees were re-examined at about the time of the Korean War, and the causes which induced the present settlement distribution of refugees were analysed. Kim Je County, in which the refugees settled as a group, was selected for the research work, in which the causes of formation, courses of development, population, housing, settlement, economy, society, and cultures are studied.
At the time of the Korean War, the number of refugees was estimated at about 1 million. Moat of them flowed into the large cities and military areas.
Including 82 regions in Jeon La Nam, Buk Do Province, 93 refugee settlements distributed in Korea. These reclamation villages (Nong Weon) were established with the help of the Financial Support Organization of Korea and the Board of National Health and Society from 1951 to 1958.
There are nine Nong Weons in Kim Je County, the object region of the study. These Nong Weons were located there because of the largest west coast camp of refugees being in Kun San and because of the authorities concerned. The leaders selected the hillock as a settlement place because of their occupations in North Korea. The caracteristics of Nong Weons have been changed except Ye Chon, Jang Sin, Sin Kyo, Bag Gu Nong Weon.
Among the 320 households who settled in Nong Weons, 310 households(96.9 percent) came from Whang Hae Do Province. The structure of the population of Nong Weons is similar to the general structure of rural regions. The movement of Nong Weon population usually flows into the region around the refugee reclamation villages.
At the beginning, the houses of Nong Weons had mud walls, $quot;2 Kan 1 Ja$quot; or $quot;3 Kan 1 Ja$quot; shape but they have changed into the $quot;L$quot; shape.
Reclaiming the hillock was the refugees' first work for a living: the average farming area comes to 0.91ha, thus approaching the average of the whole country. The important impetus of economic development was the Reclamation Improvement Act in 1962 and the fruit or the crop culture for special use which was begun in the second half of the 1960's.
The refugees inhabiting Nong Weons could not at first easily adapt themselves to the local ways, but recently they have been adapting themselves more rapidly; this is clear in the assimilation of language.