학교 스트레스의 비교연구 - 한국과 일본의 초 중학생을 중심으로 - = A Comparative Study of School Stress Focusing on Elementary and Junior High School Students in Korea and Japan

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Recently, a wide variety of maladaptation, such as school refusal or mental disorder, has remarkably increased elementary and junior high school students in Korea and Japan. The increase of stressful events which students experience in their school life is regarded as one of the causes of this phenomenon. In the previous study which attempted to clarify the school stress process(Okayasu et al., 1992) developed the School Stressor Scale for junior high school students(SSS-J) to assess both the frequency and the aversiveness of events which students encounter in their daily school life, and extracted four main factors, i.e., relationship with teachers, relationship with friends, club activities, and achievement. Furthermore, it was found that aggravating relationship with friends highly correlated to depressive-anxious feeling, and achievement did to helplessness. However, the cognitive appraisal of stressful events is considered to be extremely dependent on person variables, such as values, commitments, or general beliefs(Lazarus & Folkman, 1984), which were influenced by the differences of culture, social system, and/or nationality. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the nature of school stress in two countries, Japan and Korea, and to examine the influence of the differences of nationality or educational system on school stress process. 400 Korean and 452 Japanese elementary school students completed stressor scale. The main results were as follows : (a) Korean students evaluated all the events more stressful than Japanese did. (b) Korean students also perceives achievement than Japanese did. 378 Korean and 542 Japanese junior high school students completed SSS-J and Stress Response Scale. The main results were as follows: (a) Korean students evaluated all the events more stressful except for club activities of SSS-J than Japanese did: (b) Korean student also perceives psychological and physical distress more than Japanese did; (c) multiple regression analysis indicated that relationship with friends and achievement could explain each distress more than the other events in both Japanese and Korean students: and (d) relationship with teachers was relatively highly correlated with irritated-angry feeling in Japanese students, but was not in Korean. In summary, Korean students felt the events in school more stressful and showed more distress than Japanese did, and, however, did not differ much from Japanese students on the kind of stressful events which caused psycholosical or physical distress.