학교 선택을 통한 공립학교 개혁과 계층 간 교육 격차 완화 = Public School Reform and the Separation of the Class by choice

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 학교 선택제도가 이 제도의 주요정책 목적인'공립학교 전반의 개혁'과 '사회 계층간의 교육 격차 해소'를 실현해 왔는가 또는 그렇지 않은가,그 이유는무엇인가라는 질문에서 출발하였다. 이러한 연구문제를 검토하기 위해 이 연구에서는 학교 선택제도가 발달·정착되어 있는 미국의 공립학교 선택제의 주요 특징을 분석한 결과,미국에서도 학교 선택제도 시행 이후 계층 간의 분리 및 교육 격차는 여전하거나 더 심화되고 있음을 파악할 수 있었다.또한 학교 선택의 구체적인 방법에 따라 동일한 제도가 주별로 다른 양상으로 나타나고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 학교 선택제도는 구체적인 정부의 정책방향과 내용에 따라 다양한 형태로 발달할 수 있음을 보여준다. 이러한 분석을 기초로 최근 학부모의 학교 선택권을 제도화하려는 우리나라에서 부모의 배경, 지리적 위치 등 개인의 능력과 무관한 요인들이 선택에 중요한 변수로 작용하거나 선택을 통해 계층 간 교육격차가 중대될 수 있음을 드러내고자 하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this article is to examine the individual school choice programs, especially, 'public school choice" in America and to propose policy ideas which can be applied in Korea. Since school choice is regarded as one way to improve the quality of public education, choice has become a hot issue around the world since the 1980s and in Korea since the mid-1990s. The main idea of school choice is based on market theory, which emphasizes 'competiton' between schools and 'choices' of consumers-parents and students in the education circle. In this article, I have tried to answer three questions: 1) What is the main differences among school choice programs in America? 2) How are the main school choice issues, 'pubblic school reform by choice program? 3) What is the practical implications of school choice to Korean secondary school reform? To answer these questions, I divided several school choice programs into category: 1) tax relief, 2)voucher, 3)public school choice, and 4) home schooling and then I reviewed the public school choice. "Public school choice' can be defined as "school choicd within 'public' schools," within this is charter schools, magnet schools, and enrollment. For reviewing school choice case, I chose several choice programs in several states. In analysing each school choice program, I focused on two aspects: 1) "public school reform by choice," and 2) 'social or class stratification by choice." With this case study, I can find the practical implications to Korean secondary school reform efforts: 1) differences between American and Korean school choice policies, 2) diversification of secondary school types in Korea, 3) school governance and management, 4) financial support of govemment to the individual school districts, 5) school choice by parents and selection of students by schools. The effect of school choice is not as visible as much as the supporters or opppnents are asserting. Rather, the effect of school choice is not yet clear and can be differdnt according to the rules of govemment policy.