능력강화를 위한 가족지원프로그램이 장애아동 부모의 스트레스와 자기효능감과 대처능력에 미치는 효과 : 정신지체학교 초등부 학부모를 중심으로 focused on the parents of elementary school children in schools for the mentally retarded = The effects of Family Support Program for empowerment of families on Stress, self-efficacy and coping capabilities of Parents with Disabled Children

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects that family support program intended to provide a base for a support group for the parents of disabled children, enable a constructive approach using problem solving strategies and readjust the perception that families have in difficult situations, have on the stress levels, self-efficacy and coping capabilities of the disabled parents.
The subjects for this study were the parents of mentally retarded elementary school children and emotionally disturbed elementary school children, attending 'A School for the Mental Retardation' in Seoul. There were two groups, one comprised of 10 parents in a test group and the other 10 parents in a control group. The family support program was carried out in two-hour sessions, for eight sessions, seven weeks, in the test group. In the control group, the program was not applied but parents attended regular parent meetings at the school.
The relatives' stress scale(RSS), the generalized self-efficacy scale(GSE), the coping health inventory for parents(CHIP) were used in measuring the differences between the two groups after the program was applied. The results were verified with the paired samples t-test to comprehend the homogeneity of the two groups, and the ANCOVA was applied to verify the effects of the program.
The results of this research were as follows.
First, the stress level in the test group decreased significantly, compared to the control group.
Second, self-efficacy in the families participating in the test group, significantly improved, compared to the control group. Task-efficacy, coping efficacy, and controlled emotions efficacy which are the lower areas of self efficacy, improved significantly in the test group, compared with the control group.
Third, the coping capabilities in the families participating in the family support program showed significant increases. Unity in family, cooperation and positive definition of circumstances, social support and psychological stability, all lower areas of coping capabilities, also showed significant improvement statistically in the test group compared with the control group.
Through the results of the research, it was established that the family support program is effective in decreasing stress, and improving self-efficacy and coping capabilities. The results show that providing a base for the formation of a support group, implementing problem solving strategies and the active use of such strategies and family support programs which brings about the efforts to look for practical methods of readjusting perceptions of the difficult situation of the family, are effective methods of decreasing stress, increasing self-efficacy and coping abilities of parents. It is possible to draw a deduction that the significant improvement of self efficacy and coping abilities, the most important elements in the lower section of family empowerment, have positively influenced empowerment in the families. Thus with the results of the research, family support programs, can be seen as an effective method of empowerment in families of disabled children.