자유 개념의 역사적 변화와 현대적 의미 = Historical Development of the Meaning of Liberty and Its Current definition

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper intends to examine the historical development of the notions of liberty and liberalism and their current interpretations.
Liberalism has not its modern meaning until the Renaissance era and the Reformation. That is, liberalism in its meaningful notion has not appeared until the rediscovery of individuals and their importance. Later it has overcome the threats of Fascism and Nazism before the end of the world war II. In the 1960s and 1970s, authoritarianism has prevailed in many Third World countries, and the decreasing power of liberal parties in most Western countries have menaced liberalism during the 1980s. In early 1990s, however, liberalization has become a worldwide phenomenon, and reached its height when the Soviet Union and many East European communist regimes have collapsed, verifying the defeat of communism. In this sense, liberty and liberalism have expanded throughout the modern history as 'history is a process of realizing freedom" says.
The concept of liberty has been discussed by some ancient philosophers including Aristotle, and by Stoic scholars in the medieval era. With the commencement of a modern era, Mill, Hobhouse, Hayek, Friedman, and Rawls have given their thoughtful view on the concept of liberty and liberalism. Its philosophical background has become more sophisticated and profound.
Those who have researched the concept in an overall and profound manner are not many in these days. This paper, therefore, is likely to make a contribution to that end.
In the beginning, the paper first tries to grasp the concept of liberty itself. The theoretical foundations that liberalism of today is built upon are going to be focused upon. Among them are : individuals, the state, and market. Some arguments on those concepts will be briefly discussed and evaluated.
Later the paper summarized and evaluates the views of major liberal philosophers. Among them are: J. S. Mill, Hobhouse, Hayak, Rawls, etc. It not only helps us understand the nature of liberty better but also sheds a light on many social problems existing in the world that we are living in.
On the other hand, the influence of liberalism has decreased in terms of the increasing power of government. In addition, the expansion of individual rights has produced many social problems. In some sense, liberty and liberalism are in their critical moment, if not a crisis. These double-sided attack on liberty or a crisis that liberty became situated under ascertains the necessity of setting a limit on freedom or, at least, discussing about its philosophical aspects.
Through such efforts, the paper aims to contribute to the analysis of many political systems and their development, and to seriously consider social problems in our modern society solutions.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론
• Ⅱ. 자유 개념의 일반적 정의
• Ⅲ. 자유 개념의 역사적 변화
• 1. 자유 개념의 기원
• 2. 고전적 자유 개념
• (1) Thomas Hobbes
• (2) John Locke
• (3) Adam Smith
• (4) John Stuart Mill
• 3. 20세기 전후의 자유 개념의 전개
• (1) Leonard T. Hobhouse
• (2) Friedrich Hayek
• Ⅳ. 자유의 현대적 의미
• 1. 20세기 후반의 자유 개념 논의의 배경
• 2. 자유평등주의: John Rawls
• 3. 자유지상주의: Robert Nozick
• Ⅴ. 결 론