구성주의 모델들의 특징과 차이점: 인지적 도제이론 상황적 학습 이론, 인지적 유연성 이론을 중심으로 = Alternative Consructivist Models: Cognitive Apprenticeships, Anchored Instruction, and Cognitive Flexibility Theory

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As constructivism basically values and appreciates diversity and differences, so constructivists have developed their own diver se models for learning and teaching based on their individual conceptualization and under standings of constructivism. This paper will discuss alternative constructivist models, stressing differences in terms of the particular concerns and focus of each model. The alternative constructivist models discussed in this paper include Cognitive Apprenticeships, Anchored Inst ruction, and Cognitive Flexibility Theory. The main theoretical features of these three alternative constructivist models are summarized a s follow s: Cognitive Apprenticeships place the theoretical centre on engagement in a task within the paradigm of modeling, scaffolding, and fading ; Anchored instruction emphasizes generating learning supported by collaboration from the community of inquiry composed of student s and the teacher ; And finally, Cognitive Flexibility Theory aims to develop situation- de - pendent schema assembly through criss - crossing the same materials from a variety of vantage points.