교육활동의 선험적 성격 = The Transcendental Aspect of Educational Act

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Human life is composed of various acts. It can be said that leading life means performing various acts continuously. Then, all human acts can be performed on one assumption : an act has a tradition it has a tradition it has been performed. Individual act can be performed on the basis of its tradition, and the tradition of an act is the source of the act. We can identify an act as a specific act only by means of its tradition. One important characteristic of the tradition of an act to be noted is that it exists prior to the actor performing the act. In the viewpoint of an actor, the tradition of an act has has been given before he performs the act. In this sence, the tradition of an act is transcendental. That one performs a certain specific act means that he participates in the tradition of the act given transcendentally. Meanwhile, man would like to not only perform acts, but also understand them. To try to understand acts means to pursue the meanings of acts immanent in their traditions. It is considered that human life has two aspects ; one is to perform acts, the other is to understand them. Education as a human act can be characterized by mean of its relation to one aspect of human life, `performing of acts`, as follows. First, education as a human act has all characteristics which other acts have in common. But its nature is distinctively determined by one aspect of human life, `understanding of acts`. The tradition of an educational act is that of understanding all other human acts. We call this kind of tradition `subject matter` or `disciplines`, which represents cultural inheritance of mankind. In this sence, education is defined as the transmission of cultural inheritance from generation to generation. Secondly, `understanding of acts`, one aspect of human life, also suggests the nature of knowledge pursued in education and the nature of an educational act derived from the nature of knowledge. As stated above, various acts constitutes one`s life. To understand acts which constitutes one`s life means to understand `himself`. If one has a `self`, it is knowledge on acts performed by himself, `self-knowledge`. In this sense, Socrates` famous proposition, The unexamined life is not worth living precisely expresses the significance of education whose meaning is prescribed by its transcendental aspect, `understanding of acts`.