전남지방 토광묘 성격에 대한 고찰 = A Study on the Character of the Pit Tombs of Chonnam Province

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Till now one hundred pit tombs from twenty-eight sites have been excavated in the Chonnam province. Most pit tombs have been discovered along the Youngsan River basin and the Bosung River basin, but some of them were investigated outside of the river basin. The time of pit tombs is divided into three periods according to the structure and the buried artifacts of them. The details are as follows. In first period, the type of pit tombs are pit tombs with ditch and pit tombs with stone mound which looks similar to previous burial customs. The ditches whose form was only a square are considered to act as a individual graveyard and to know high-mound tombs existed, and finally the growth of the new group of people. During the second period, the wooden coffin was used generally in the pit tombs, and also the form of ditches were more diversified such as a round shape or a horseshoe shape, and a trapezoid. In third period, the pit tombs and the jar coffin tombs coexisted in the same mound and the jar coffin tombs were used as a main tomb, whereas the jar coffin tombs were an additional tomb of the pit tombs during the second period. The ditches of this period was only a trapezoid type. the artifacts, suggesting exchange with the other areas, are excavated. And we can know the pit tomb has been changed from singular burial to plural burial, and has been changed to the aspect that there is no additional burial in the ditch through the change of type like that. It seems that the pit tombs were substituted by the jar coffin with the establishment of the jar coffin tumulus society in the latter of the 3th century A.D.. As mentioned above, the pit tombs in the Chonnam province were examinated. During the process of discussion, it is difficult to examine in detail the chronology of discovered artifact. Also, the analysis of the characteristics on each stage is short, because each period`s range was so broad. These problems remains for study in the future. I hope that the characteristics of the pit tombs in Chonnam province will be more clear as studying the culture between the 1st century and the 2nd century A.D. which remains obscure.