嶺東地域 新石器時代 집자리 硏究 = Study of the Neolithic Dwelling Site in the Yeongdong Area

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The remains of dwelling site in the Neolithic age located at Yeongdong district have been known to the public through the excavation survey on the remains at Osan-ri, Yangyang. Since then, there has been almost no research work on the Neolithic age dwelling site at Yeongdong district with the trend of rare surveys on dwelling site in the Neolithic age. However, with a lot of recent surveys on remains on dwelling site in the Neolithic age, which led to a rudimentary examination of dwelling site, this research looked into the structure and characteristic of the dwelling site at Yeongdong district, which are the most vital to the restoration of the living pattern during the Neolithic age, by sectioned period through relative chronological recording.
First, tins researcher classified the relative chronological recording of dwelling site in the Neolithic age into the First Unit where non-patterned earthenwares, Osanri-typed earthenwares and protruded-pattern earthenwares are excavated, and Second Unit where tooth-comb pattern earthenwares are digged out with the remains located at Jigyeong-ri as a representative. Also, this research classified the remains at Cheoltong-ri, Goseong, which are judged to be preceded by the remains belonging to the Second Unit at a viewpoint of the general location of remains or excavated remains, into the Third Unit. The absolute period subsequent to unit-branch setup of the First Unit and Second Unit, at a viewpoint of the existing research results of chronological recording of the Neolithic age earthenwares at Yeongdong district and radiocarbon dating-based estimated value, could be divided into the period before or after 3,500 B.C. and the Third Unit could be possibly divided into the period before or after 3,000 B.C.
The remains of the Neolithic age surveyed at Yeongdong district up to now are mostly located at sand hill areas, among which the First Unit remains are located near hill areas where sand hill areas begin, the Second Unit remains are located m the middle of the sand hills or upper layers of the First Unit remains. It was found out that there were some changes in the selection of location for dwelling site subsequent to a period m that the Third Unit remains are situated at hilly areas. Such a change of locational aspects was linked to the Bronze age and the Bronze age remains at Yeongdong district are all located at hilly areas.
The plane form out of the Neolithic age dwelling site structures is judged to be changed to a square from a circle and it could be suggested that the structure of a site for a fireplace was changed into earth-digging type from propped stone-surrounding method. The site for a fireplace are mostly at the center of the dwelling site regardless of a period and the circular and square forms were mostly used in the First and Second Unit, and then the form of a fireplace got standardized into a circular form in the Third Unit.
There were almost no holes for a pole or irregularly made if it existed in the First and Second Unit, but the hole became standardized as 4-hole-method or 2-hole-method in the Third Unit. Most of the dwelling site are located at sand hill areas, so the bottom of a dwelling site was mostly clay-compacted, but sand, clay mixed with fire-compacting and fresh soil were discovered in some bottoms of a dwelling site.
Conclusively, the dwelling site of Yeongdong district in the Neolithic age was found to be different from that of its neighboring areas in the Neolithic age in a dwelling site, its structure and location, which is judged to be attributable to the difference in the way of living. Particularly, it is assumed that hunting, collecting and rudimentary farming was done centering around fishing routes through the three surrounding environs, such as lagoons, the East Sea and flat hilly areas stretching from the Taebaek Mountains at Yeongdong district.