천태(天台)의 십선계(十善戒) 사상과 대한불교 천태종의 십선법(十善法) = Zhiyi’s Philosophy of Ten Good Deeds and the Ten Good Deeds of Cheontaejong of Korean Buddhism

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The philosophy of the Ten Good Deeds is pervasive, from the early writings of Zhiyi to the books of samatha vipassana and including the three most important works composed by Zhiyi. The Ten Good Deeds is not explicitly included in the Lizhifa (立制法), Jinglifa (敬禮法), which Zhiyi established for the purpose of putting discipline into the Tientai Sect and placing the sect in order. However, the spirit of the Ten Good Deeds is included in repentance-resolution (懺悔ksamayati), which was training required when the deeds were violated to remove the evil karma that derives from the three gates of karma―the body, speech, and mind. Furthermore, as the Ten Good Deeds was received into Zhiyi’s writings including the inscription on life release, and his early writings included the repentance methods such as Tientai’s Repentance Ritual of the Saddharma-pundarīka-samādhi (法華三昧懺儀) and the samatha vipassana writings such as Explanation of the Gradual Method of the Perfection of Dhyana (釋禪波羅密次第禪門), the Ten Good Deeds was prized not merely as ceremonial discipline but also as training procedures in the Tientai Sect. Of the three most important works composed by Zhiyi, Words and Phrases of the Lotus Sutra (法華文句) shows the steps for practicing discipline and enlightenment that can be used as training for dhyana and samadhi (“dwelling in tranquility”) through tranquil moral precepts (定共戒) and obtains no-leaking wisdom (無漏智) with immaculate moral precepts (道共戒). Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra (法華玄義) suggests that the Ten Good Deeds (十善性戒) that is received and kept well is clean with an undefiled mind, as opposed to the defiled Ten Good Deeds, which is regarded as a doctrinal door by a person who belongs to the method of meditation or heavenly beings. And The Great Treatise on Concentration and Insight (摩訶止觀), which argues that the Ten Good Deeds of the fundamental precepts makes the foundation of sila-paramita, discusses the non-action observance of precepts of the perfect, unsurpassed, or comprehensive teaching that obtains dhyana, samadhi, and wisdom.
Thus, the Tientai school’s philosophy of the Ten Good Deeds should make an important philosophical foundation of the Ten Good Deeds of Cheontaejong of Korean Buddhism, which serves as the fundamental discipline of the sect and believers’ crucial guidelines for daily life.