국제이주에 대한 이론적 재검토: 디아스포라 현상의 통합모형 접근 = Rethinking International Migration: Theoretical Perspectives on Diaspora Phenomenon

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article reviews some existing theories of international migration by reclassifying them and examining its analytic implications and limits and seeks the theoretical model which able to synthetically explain the causes, following processes, and results of international migration. With a close examination to the nature of migrant labor as a transnational diaspora, it finally aims to find some implications to establish viewpoint the phenomenon of Asian diasporas in Korea. For further understanding the international migration as a whole process, we need to examine the factors on which influencing adaption and settlement of migrants in host countries as well as origination and duration in home countries. When we study international migration, thus, it is not enough to approach from actor-oriented perspectives of neoclassical economics or from structural ones such as world system theory and segmented labor market theory, but need to be complemented by relationship model in which both agent and structural factors integrated. Moreover, it is more important to illuminate how the international migration system to be formed and engaged through integration of macro and micro structural factors over the origin and host countries. In this paper, the author notes that international migration itself a complex and self-genetical phenomenon that could not be simply regarded as an temporary or unilateral population movement likewise it is not a dependent of international relations or world capital system. In conclude, as the globalization and transnationalism further deepen, international migration tend to occur in an universal and stabilized order and shape up durative and multilateral system.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

노동력의 국제이동은 전 지구적 인구이동과 초국가주의, 그리고 디아스포라(diasporas) 현상을 해석함에 있어 중요한 개념 틀이다. 이 연구는 노동력의 국제이동에 관한 기존의 이론들을 비판적으로 재검토하고 각각의 이론이 갖는 분석적 유용성과 한계를 밝힘으로써 국제이주의 원인과 과정 및 결과를 통합적으로 분석할 수 있는 이론모형을 탐색하기로 한다. 아울러 이주노동이 ‘초국가형 디아스포라’로서 갖는 성격을 살핀 후, 통합모형이 갖는 분석적 함의를 도출한다. 국제이주현상에 대한 연구는 신고전경제학의 행위자 중심시각이나 세계자본주의체제나 일국의 노동시장분절 등 구조적 요인만으로는 충분한 설명이 될 수 없으며, 행위자와 구조를 통합하는 관계론적 시각이 보완되어야 할 것이다. 뿐만 아니라 송출국과 수용국을 둘러싼 거시적 구조와 미시적 구조의 통합을 통해 안정된 국제이주체계가 어떻게 형성되며 작용하는지를 살펴야 한다. 국제이주는 지구화와 초국가주의의 심화와 더불어 갈수록 보편적이며 안정적인 체계(system)로 자리 잡고 있으며, 그 성격 또한 지속적이고 다방향의 추세로 발전해 갈 전망이다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 임채완, "재외한인과 글로벌네트워크" 한울아카데미 2006

2 주종택, "자본, 노동, 상품의 이동: 초국가시대의 경제와 문화" 전남대 2003

3 "유엔난민기구 http://www.unhcr.or.kr/basic/basics-nanmin.htm(검색일: 2008.3.2)"

4 설동훈, "외국인노동자와 한국사회" 서울대학교출판부 1999

5 윤인진, "다인종 사회에서의 소수민족관계: 미국에서의 한흑갈등을 중심으로" 1996

6 설동훈, "노동력의 국제이동" 서울대학교출판부 2001

7 석현호, "국제이주이론: 기존이론의 평가와 행위체계론적 접근의 제안" 23 (23): 2000

8 김경학, "국제이주와 인도인디아스포라" 집문당 2006

9 이충훈, "국제이주노동의 정치경제학: 미국을 중심으로" 5 (5): 2007

10 "http://www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/pid/3(검색일: 2007. 11.2)"

11 "http://www.ilo.org/global/Themes/Labour_migration/lang--en/index.htm(검색일, 2007. 11. 09)"

12 Massey, Douglas S., "Worlds in Motion: Understanding International Migration at the End of the Millenium" Oxford University Press 1998

13 Massey, Douglas S., "Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal" 19 (19): 1993

14 J. Edward, Taylor, "The new economics of labour migration and the role of remittances in the migration process" 37 (37): 1999

15 P. Stalker, "The No-Nonsense Guide to International Migration, 국제이주" 이소출판사 2004

16 Wallerstein, Immanuel, "The Modern World-System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World Economy in the Sixteenth Century" Academic Press 1974

17 M. Kearney, "The Local and The Global: The Anthropology of Globalization and Transnationalism" 24 : 1995

18 Stephen Castles, "The Age of Migration" Macmillan Press Ltd 1996

19 Zlotnik, Hania, "International Migration 1965-96: An Overview" 24 (24): 1998

20 "International Labour Organization International Labour Migration Data Base (ILM) http://www.abetech.org/ilm/english/ilmstat/table03.asp(검색일: 2007.11.10)"

21 Todaro, "Illegal migration and US immigration reform: A conceptual framework" 13 : 1987

22 Davis, Kingsley, "Human Society" Macmillan 1989

23 Robin Cohen, "Global diasporas: An introduction" UCL Press 1997

24 Kritz, Mary M., "Global Interactions: Migration Systems, Process, and Policies in : International Migration Systems: A Global Approach" Clarendon Press 1992

25 Borjas, George J., "Economic Theory and International Migration" 23 (23): 1989

26 Portes. Alexandro, "Economic Sociology and the Sociology of Immigration in : Economic Sociology of Immigration: Essays on Networks. Ethnicity and Entrepreneurship" Russell Sage Foundation 1995

27 Michael P. Todaro, "Economic Development in the Third World" Longman 1989

28 Gross, Jon, "Conceptualizing International Labor Migration: A Structuration Perspective" 29 (29): 1995

29 B. Chiswick, "Are Immigrants favorably selected? in : Migration Theory: Talking Across Disciplines" Routledge 2000

30 Bonacich,Edna, "A Theory of Ethnic Antagonism: The Split Labor Market" 37 (37): 1972

31 "<동아일보>, 2007.09.15"