어거스틴과 루터의 칭의론 비교 연구 = A Comparative Study on Justification between Augustine and Luther

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It was the doctrine of justification by faith alone which moved the Protestant church beyond St. Augustine (354-430) of Hippo. That is, Augustine did not clearly articulate the doctrine of justification by faith alone proclaimed by Luther. The doctrine of justification in Augustine’s works is not a concept of imputed righteousness as taught by the Reformers, but of infused righteousness. Also, Augustine’s justification focuses more on the process of sanctification accomplished in people than the complete atonement through the cross of Christ.
Augustine’s justification derived from his intense experience and his perception of inner depravity, before his conversion, he named avarice. However, Luther’s justification derived from the spiritual perception of having to face the holy God in the religious affection of guilt, and this perception made him propose an alien righteousness.
For Luther, justifying righteousness is a righteousness which is alien to mankind, and never belonged to mankind. We are given eternal life not because of our good deeds, but because of our faith in Christ. Because of this faith, God accepts and declares us to be righteous. All our sins are no longer sins, because by faith we seize Christ. Indeed, Luther says that Christians are humans free of all laws, and they are not bound by anything.
Of course, Luther puts emphasis on the sanctification too. Luther distinguishes sharply the ideas of justification and sanctification, which in turn defined the doctrine of biblical justification for Reformation theology. Luther believes that justification of forgiveness is passive, which means it has nothing to do with his deed or merit. Justification is entirely God’s grace derived from Christ’s work.
So, we have to learn from the Augustine how dangerous Christian theology can be pursued within any particular emphasis of doctrine or philosophy. The same applies to the interpretation and application of these two people’s spiritual experiences. We have to remember how important it is to learn and teach tgospel and truth on the basis of the Bible.
This article concludes that the difference between the justification of Augustine and Luther is Luther’s desire read to the Bible as accurately as he could and obey it. When we search for the truth on the justification of Augustine and Luther, we have to remember that the Bible is the sole criteria confirming the value of all doctrines.

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