팔재계와 재가불자의 포살 = Eight purification rituals and Uposatha (Precepts confessional) of Lay practitioners

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper is for Uposatha (Skt. Posadha ; Precepts confessional) of lay practitioners by the eight purification rituals (Atthangasamannagatam uposatham) as one of the buddhist practices. I wanted to study the true meaning of the eight purification rituals and one phase of Uposatha of lay practitioners through the substantial role of Uposatha of observing precepts.
In the buddhist monastic community, monks gathered to recite Patimokkha(Skt. Pratimoksa) once half a month and performed Uposatha regularly. Based on this, they tried to make the pure buddhist monastery harmonized. Also, lay practitioners observed the eight purification rituals during the day and night of a day, on the six uposatha days: the 8th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 29th, and 30th days of every month. The period of practice is the day and night of a day, therefore it is called, “One day and night precept.”
To monks, observing precepts in daily life is their duty, but in the case of lay practitioners, it is different. They have many constraints, for example, jobs, family lives and so forth, so it is not easy to keep always the precepts. Hence they observed the eight purification rituals only on the six days and made an effort to live like monks.
The eight purification rituals' first formation was explained in Suttanipata, and in Anguttara nikaya and the Chinese translation, Ekottara-agama, it was recorded more in detail. Uposatha of the eight purification rituals was changed according to time and region.
As one of the buddhist practices, to observe the eight purification rituals has a significant meaning in the aspect of practicing buddhist teachings actively in their lives. Although it is a short time of the day and night of a day, it can be said that Uposatha of lay practitioners by observing the eight purification rituals gives buddhist practitioners a direct chance to get close to nirvana.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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16 "雜阿含經"

17 "阿毘達磨俱舍論"

18 "長阿含經"

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20 "增壹阿含經"

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22 "四分律"

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24 "十誦律"

25 "八關齋戒經"

26 "優陂夷墮舍迦經"

27 "中阿含經"

28 "三國遺事"

29 "三國史記"

30 "Vinayapiṭaka"

31 "Vinayapiṭaka"

32 "Suttanipāta"

33 "Sutta nipāta"

34 "Dīgha Nikāya"

35 "Dīgha Nikāya"

36 "Aṅguttara nikāya"

37 "Aṅguttara Nikāya"