북한여성의 인권 : 실태와 요인 = Human Rights of Women in North Korea : Present State and Factors

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 글에서 필자는 북한여성의 인권 실태를 조명하려고 했고 이를 위해 두 가지 질문을 했다. 첫째, 기근 이후 여성인권의 상황은 어떠한가, 그리고 여성들은 여성이기 때문에 차별받고 있는가? 둘째, 여성의 인권 실태에 영향을 주는 주요 요인들은 무엇인가? 특히 남녀평등을 강조하고 있는 사회주의에서 여성인권 문제가 발생하는 요인은 무엇인가? 이와 관련하여 여성정책의 요인은 어떻게 작용하는가?
첫 번째 질문에 대하여 여성인권의 네 영역에서 탐색되었다. 양성평등의 법에도 불구하고 북한의 여성은 생존권, 경제활동권, 가족에 대한 권리에 있어서 차별받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 성매매의 금지에도 불구하고 기근 이후 성매매는 북한에서 급격하게 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 식량난 이후에 발생한 것이라기보다 그 이전부터 있던 것이 식량난 이후 확산되어 나타났다고 볼 수 있다.
두 번째 질문, 즉 북한여성의 인권 침해의 요인에 관하여 북한의 여성정책과 여성운동에 문제가 있음을 지적하였다. 여성관련 법들에 제정된 형식적 평등에도 불구하고 실제에 있어서 괴리가 있으며, 이는 가부장적 사회주의의 실제 여성정책의 성격에 따른 성차별과 관련이 있음을 논의하였다. 또한 북한에서는 독자적인 여성운동과 여성주의 의식이 아직 미발달하였음을 논의하였다. 이러한 논의에 기반하여 북한에서 여성의 인권을 향상시키기 위한 방안으로서 근본적으로 중요한 두 가지 조치를 제시하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this paper I tried to illuminate the reality of women’s human rights in NK and asked two questions: first, what is the situation of women’s human rights since the famine, and whether they have been discriminated against because they are women, and second, what are the major factors influencing? More specifically, in NK where as a socialist country sex equality is emphasized, what are the effects of women’s policy? And based on this I tried to suggest what kinds of measures are available and desirable.
As to the first question, answers were explored in four aspects of women’s human rights. And it was found that despite the laws of gender equality, women in NK are discriminated against in the right to life, economic activity, and the family among both the NK women in NK. And despite the forbidding of sexual trafficking by law, sexual trafficking has rapidly increased among the NK women since the famine.
As to the second question, i.e., as to the influencing factors of violations of women’s human rights in NK, problems in women’s policy and women’s movement were discussed: With regard to women’s policy, the discrepancy between law and reality was pointed out and this was due to the patriarchal socialism of women’s policy of NK. With regard to women’s movement, there has not yet developed an autonomous women’s movement and feminist consciousness and discourse. Based on these discussions I suggested two measures to improve women's human rights in North Korea.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 논문요약
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 여성의 인권에 대한 개념틀
• Ⅲ. 배경: 북한의 기근과 북한 사람들에 대한 영향
• Ⅳ. 기근 이후 북한여성의 인권실태
• Ⅴ. 북한의 여성인권 문제의 배경요인: 북한의 여성정책과 여성운동의 문제점
• Ⅵ. 요약과 결론
• 참고문헌

참고문헌 (Reference)

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51 "As to the second question as to the influencing factors of violations of women’s human rights in NK problems in women’s policy and women’s movement were discussed With regard to women’s policy the discrepancy between law and reality was pointed out and this was due to the patriarchal socialism of women’s policy of NK With regard to women’s movement there has not yet developed an autonomous women’s movement and feminist consciousness and discourse Based on these discussions I suggested two measures to improve women's human rights in North Korea"

52 "As to the first question answers were explored in four aspects of women’s human rights And it was found that despite the laws of gender equality women in NK are discriminated against in the right to life and the family among both the NK women in NK And despite the forbidding of sexual trafficking by law sexual trafficking has rapidly increased among the NK women since the famine" eco (eco):

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