문화적 헤게모니와 동의의 조건 = Cultural hegemony and the Conditions of consent

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We live in two influential cultural circumstances. One is the view that culture is indifferent to our society. From this standpoint, we merely see our culture as the means of individual`s cultivation and the object of pleasurable consumption. The other is the view that the present culture has to be criticized because of its dominant ideological function, and thus the alternative culture has to be found only in the aesthetic practice of negation that rejects the simple reconciliation of the homogenization of the masses` taste and the fascist totalitarianism. But those two standpoints mentioned above seem to be a bit extreme, but they both have something in common in that they are indifferent to intervene the cultural change of our society. When it comes to explaining the dynamic cultural change, the approach to culture through hegemony allows for culture to be able to be both the dominant ideology and the main critic of it. That is, the leadership in the area of culture depends on the competence of the intelligent·moral persuasion between the centered cultureand the de-centered one. Williams thought that culture is central means of seeking the consent among the masses in the public sphere in civil society. He introduced the concept of Gramscian hegemony into cultural studies and provided the sophisticated analysis of the cultural hegemonic relations. Especially he suggested the model of cultural dynamics, that is the transition of the resident-the dominant-the emergent in culture. But he couldn`t give us the criterion about which is the dominant or which is the resident dissimilar to the traditional and the genuine the emergent. In complex society as nowadays, the acceptance of a culture depends on the masses` consent. I propose three conditions for cultural consent. First, there is the condition for authenticity in which members in the civil society seek to secure their own sincere identity. Second I suggest the condition for mutual recognitions that make members in civil society grant each other. Third, I adopt the condition for concrete utopia in which members in civil society pursue better lives. These days cultural hegemony between dominant culture and alternative culture in cultural studies is mainly found in relations between colonial culture and postcolonial culture, heterosexual centric culture and queer culture, and patriarchal media culture and women audience culture. Postcolonial culture, queer culture, and women audience culture are the alternative culture that deserves masses` consent.

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