예술과 미학교육에 대한 비교학적 고찰 - 뱅크스트리트, 발도르프, 레지오 에밀리아 유아교육을 중심으로 = A Comparative study on Arts and Aesthetic Education in Three Early Childhood Schools: Bank Street, Reggio Emilia, and Waldorf

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

  This study comparatively examined the theory and practice of aesthetic education in three early school settings. Three early childhood schools, Bank Street, Reggio Emilia, and Waldorf whose curriculum heavily depend on the arts, were selected to examine what are philosophical background to support their arts and aesthetic education and how practice aesthetic education for young children. The research methods employed analysis of various publications, formal/informal interviews with a teacher who directly involved in the 4/5 year-old classroom at each school and non-participatory observation on 4/5 year-old classroom at each school.<BR>  The study found that aesthetic education is perceived as a way of practicing and teaching an image of beauty. However aesthetic eduction at practical level was dramatically different and unique at each setting. While aesthetic education at Bank Street carries Dewey"s progressive idea and arts as experience, the aesthetic education at Waldorf school is based on Rudolf Steiner"s anthroposophy which put an emphasis on children"s inner beauty and spirit of aesthetic mind, Meanwhile aesthetic education at Reggio Emilia was manifested in the way of organizing space and time as a teaching method, based on Vygotsky"s socio-cultural constructivism. Conclusively, this study comes to unique approach to aesthetic education at each school, experiential approach to arts at Bank Street, epistemological approach to arts at Reggio, and transcendental approach to arts at Waldorf. This study suggests that the beauty and aesthetic education should be significant topics of in the field of education where the arts and creativity become more significant factors in this new century.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

  아름다움을 탐구하는 학문으로서 미학은 인간의 보편적 미적 심상을 대상으로 하며 그 실천적 사례는 문화와 역사에 따라 독특한 양식을 가지게 된다. 본 연구는 21세기 창의성과 감성교육의 필요성에 의해 더욱 부각되고 있는 예술교육을 지속적으로 발전시키고 적용해 온 유아학교 세 곳-뱅크스트리트, 발도르프, 그리고 레지오 에밀리아-을 선정하여 각 학교에서 실천하고 있는 미학교육의 내용을 비교학적으로 고찰하였다. 각 학교의 교육내용을 담은 다양한 문헌자료, 그리고 직접방문관찰과 유아반의 담당교사 1인과 심층면담이 이루어졌다. 연구결과 각학교는 미학교육을 아름다움을 탐구하고 의미 있는 교육으로 인식하고 있었으나실제 예술과 미학교육을 적용하고 실천하는 과정은 각 학교의 독특한 문화와 교육철학에 의해 매우 상이한 것으로 드러났다. 특히 발도르프에서는 영성에 초점을 두는 미학교육, 레지오 에밀리아에서는 예술을 지식구성과 연계하는 인식론적 미학, 그리고 뱅크스트리트에서는 경험론적 예술철학에 근거하여 미학교육이 실천되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 전통적 학교교육에서 종종 간과되어온 예술과 미학교육을 오랫동안 독창적으로 발전시켜 온 학교들을 비교학적으로 고찰하여 다양한 사례를 알아보고 이를 통해 우리나라 교육학에 가지는 함의를 알아보고자 하였다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 〈요약〉
  Ⅰ. 서론
  Ⅱ. 예술과 미학 그리고 미학교육
  Ⅲ. 연구방법
  Ⅳ. 예술과 미학교육에 대한 다양한 이야기
  Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론
  참고문헌
  〈Abstract〉
  

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "표상형식의 개발과 교육과정" 교육과학사 1994

2 "심미적 이성의 탐구" 1993

3 "미학의 중심" 서울대학교 출판부 2001

4 "교육의 미학적 탐구" 집문당 2002

5 "creative living with two to four year olds Translated by Simon and Pauamaria Blaxland de Lange" Anthroposophic Press 1986

6 "Where Art Comes from and Why" Free Press 1992

7 "Visual Thinking" University of California Press 1969

8 "University of Illinois Press" 1985

9 "Toward a Methodology of Naturalistic Inquiry in Education" 1978

10 "Thought and Language" MIT Press 1962

11 "The Sense of Wonder" Harper & Row 1965

12 "The Rationality of Feeling Understanding the Arts in Education" The Falmer Press 1992

13 "The Psychology of The Child" Basic Books Inc 1969

14 "The Philosophy of Freedom The Basis for a Modern World Conception" The Anthroposophic Press 1964

15 "The Meaning of Art" 1955

16 "The Languages of Learning and Sing their Understanding of the World" 1994

17 "The Hundred Languages of Children The Reggio Emilia Approach to Early Childhood Education" 1993

18 "Research from Project Zero University of Illinois Press" 1989

19 "Releasing Imagination: Essays on Education, The Arts, and Social Dhange" San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers 1995

20 "On the Aesthetic Education of Man In a series of letters Translated by M" Oxford University Press 1967

21 "Lexikon der Aesthetik" 예경 1998

22 "Learning to Think by Looking at Art The Getty Center for Education in the Arts" 1994

23 "Education through Art" Random House 1943

24 "Dictionary of Philosophy and Religion" Humanities Press 1980

25 "Comparative Psychology of Mental Development" Science Education 1948

26 "Children, Spaces, Relations: Metaproject for An Environment for Young Children" Domus Academy Research Center 1998

27 "Bringing Reggio Emilia home: Innovative Approach to Early Childhood Education" New York: Teachers College Press 1997

28 "Art as Experience" 1934

29 "Aesthetic Modes of Knowing The ways of knowing 84th Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education The University of Chicago Press" illi (illi): 1985

30 "A Resource Book for Teaching Thinking The Association for Supervision & Curriculum Development" 1986

31 "A Cognitive Developmental Account of Aesthetic Experience" Cambridge University Press 1987