2x2 성취목표지향성 척도의 개발 및 타당화 = Development and validation of a 2x2 achievement goal orientation scale

국문 초록 (Abstract)

2×2 4요인의 성취목표지향성 척도를 개발하고 타당화하는 것이 이 연구의 첫번째 목적이었다. 4요인 구조가 위계모형으로 이해될 수 있는지 검토하는 것이 연구의 두 번째 목적이었다. 연구의 대상은 일반계와 실업계를 포함한 고등학교 2학년 학생 583 명이었다. 일반계 학생 386명은 무선적으로 양분하여 탐색집단과 교차집단으로 활용하였다. 실업계 학생 197명은 모두 교차집단으로 활용되었다. 척도의 개발은 성취목표지향성에 대한 새로운 개념화에 근간해서 이루어졌다. 성취목표지향성을 지향내용(숙달-수행)와 지향태도(접근-회피)의 이차원으로 세분화한 것이 새로운 개념화의 핵심이었다. 숙달접근지향, 숙달회피지향, 수행접근지향, 수행회피지향 등 네 개 요인에 각각 10문항씩 40문항이 개발되었다. 문항에 대한 반응양상 검토, 신뢰도분석, 각 요인의 일차원성 조정, 4요인 지정 탐색적 요인분석 등 여러 과정을 거쳐서 26개 문항을 선별하였다. 2x2 4요인 구조의 안정성과 확장성은 확인적 요인분석을 이용한 교차타당화를 통해 지지되었다. 성적과의 상관, 일반계-실업계 간 집단차이는 척도의 준거타당도를 뒷받침하였다. 논리적으로 성립 가능한 다섯 개의 위계모형을 설정하고 연구모형과 비교하여 적합도를 검토한 결과, 평면배열의 연구모형이 가장 좋은 적합도지수를 산출하였다. 위계모형 중에서는 2단계 모형의 성립가능성이 긍정적이었다. 3단계 위계모형은 가장 낮은 적합도 지수를 산출하였다. 새로운 개념화에 의거하여 2x2의 상호독립적인 목표지향성 구조를 경험적으로 확인하였다는 데 이 연구의 주된 의의가 있다. 위계모형의 성립 가능성이 긍정적으로 인정된 것은 향후 목표지향성 연구에 좋은 자극이 될 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The overt purpose of this study was to develop a 2x2 achievement goal scale and to validate it. The implicit purpose was to explore a 2x2 structure of goal orientation, to verify it, and to investigate the possibility of formulating a hierarchical structure. Achievement goal scale was developed on the basis of a new conceptual framework about goal orientation. The core of the new conceptualization lies in two dimensions of goal orientation: orienting content (mastery vs performance) and orienting attitude (approach vs avoidance). The most salient feature of this conceptualization is that 'avoidance' is not characterized as fear, anxiety, or concern, but as passive, inactive, or defensive. Four goal orientations of mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, performance-avoidance were defined according to the new conceptualization, and ten items for each orientation were developed. Data were collected from the subjects of 583 highschool students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the 2x2 independent structure fitted well for the data. Five logically-driven hierarchical model were positively tested. Two-step hierarchy from a general factor to four goal orientations is plausible. Two-step hierarchy from two orienting attitudes to two corresponding goal orientations is also plausible. Three-step hierarchical modes fitted worst for the data.

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