창의적 문제해결(Creative Problem Solving) 모형 기반 초등학교 사회과 수업의 효과성 분석 -학습자의 창의적 문제해결력 및 학업성취도에 미치는 영향 중심으로- = Analysis of the Effectiveness of Creative Problem Solving Model-Based Instruction in Primary School Social Studies: Focus on Effect on Students` Creative Problem Solving Skills and Learning Achievement

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of Creative Thinker Program which had been developed to enhance creative problem solving skills in social studies for 5th graders. Creative Thinker Program was composed of 9 units reorganized by Creative Problem Solving Model. In each module, teacher was supposed to present a problem and to ask questions to facilitate students` creative problem solving. Students were mostly doing group activities related to creative problem solving. A unique online support system was developed to assist teacher`s and students` six-step activities to solve problem in each unit. Two elementary schools were participated in this study, one school as an experimental group and the other as a control group. The experimental group was divided into two treatment groups, online treatment group and offline treatment group. Online treatment meant that the full version of Creative Thinker Program was implemented. It was applied to three 5th grade classes from the experimental group. Offline treatment meant that the limited version of the program was implemented and it was applied to two 5th grade classes from the experimental group. The full version of Creative Thinker Program utilized full options of the online system The limited version was the same as the full version except that only teachers were capable to use the online system at the very first step of each unit, presenting a problem situation. The control group had been taught the same units based on the conventional curriculum of social studies. Before beginning the semester all participating students had been pretested their creative problem solving skills and had studied all the social study curriculum for the semester including the nine units for two months. After completion, the students took a posttest to measure their creative problem solving skills and an achievement test in social studies. Significant difference in creative problem solving skills among 3 groups were found even after controlling its posttest scores based on its pretest scores. Online treatment group obtained the highest score among three groups, offline treatment group the second highest score, and control group the lowest score. Creative Thinker Program was proven to be effective in increasing students` problem solving skills and it was most effective when all options of the online support system were utilized. There was found little difference among the achievement scores of 3 groups. It Implied that Creative Thinker Program was effective to increase students` problem solving skill and it didn`t disturb to increase domain knowledge.