선동죄의 기원과 본질 = Origin and Essence of the Incitement of Rebellion

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The genealogy of incitement of rebellion(I.R) of Korean Criminal Act is not the Criminal Law of Japanese Empire, but the special political criminal law named the Maintenance of the Public Order Act of Japan(1925). In retrospect, th origins of the crime consist in the prosecutions both for the republican critiques of the monarchy in the period of revolution and for the communists’ anti-war propaganda during the First World War. The legal interest of I.R. should be regarded as the ruling group’s feeling of the domination rather than the maintenance of state order in itself. Korean Supreme Court construed the crime of I.R. even without the concrete and material link to the rebellion in the recent case of the Unified Progressive Party. The crime of I.R. is feared to become a blank provision for political prosecution just like the National Security Act in Korea. The crime of I.R. was codified for the first time in the German monarchial states with a view to oppressing the German radicals after the French revolutions. The crime of I.R. continued to exist for more than 100 years regardless of the frequent changes of establishment in Germany. At last the Allied Powers abolished the crime of I.R. for the purpose of denazification after the Second World War, but the German Constitutional Court banned the communist party under the influence of the McCarthyism. The U.S. government prosecuted the communists’ speech on the charge of sedition from Schenk(1918) to Dennis(1951). Nowadays, The U.S. Supreme Court has held on to the liberal principle of clear and present danger for political speech. German criminal law generally protects the politically radical speech, except the holocaust denial or the praise of the Nazis dictatorship. In conclusion, the author tries to differentiate the instigation of a world view and that of an action, with a view to reconstructing the frame of the I.R.. While the former should be excluded from the criminal prosecution, the latter should be judged according to the liberal test for the free speech. Considering historical developments, I divide the development of free speech into three stages: the authoritarian, liberal and post-liberal. I conclude that free speech in Korea remains at the authoritarian stage, but the government has even the post-liberal weapons to control free speech under the name of war on terrorism.

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