여성채용목표제의 정책적 효과 분석: 공직 대표성에 대한 영향을 중심으로 = An Analysis of the Effects of Affirmative Action on the Representative Bureaucracy in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

An Analysis of the Effects of Affirmative Action on the Representative Bureaucracy in Korea

Park Sang Hee & Kim Byong Seob

In recent years, the proportion of females in government has been increasing remarkably. Despite the importance of Affirmative Action, much current research has not tried an empirical analysis on the effects of this policy, which took effect in 1996. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and analyze the effects of Affirmative Action on representative bureaucracy in Korea in terms of passive(quantitative) and active(qualitative)representation. The panel data analysis through 20 years (1978, 1983, 1986-2003), shows that there have been remarkable changes in the number of female civil servants, but Affirmative Action has had no statistically significant effects in both passive(quantitative) and active(qualitative) representativeness of Korean bureaucracy. Rather, other policies and socio-economic variables such as the IMF crisis, highly educated female population, and birth rate were found to be significant factors.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 1996년 도입된 여성채용목표제가 공직 대표성 증진에 얼마나 기여하였는지 정책적 효과를 실증적으로 평가하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 1983, 1986-2003년까지 약 20년간 행정부 일반직 여성공무원을 대상으로 Panel Data 분석을 실시하였다. 여성채용목표제가 아닌 제3의 변수가 여성공직자의 증가에 영향을 미치는 것은 아닌지를 분석하기 위해 실질 GDP, 여성취업자 비율 및 수, 여성대졸이상인구 비율 및 수, 그리고 출산율 등의 사회경제적 변수를 통제변수로 사용하였다. 그리고 여성공무원의 양적 증가보다는 정책적 재량을 갖는 고위관리직에서의 증가가 대표성 측면에서 보다 의미있다는 지적에 따라 소극적 대표성과 적극적 대표성으로 나누어 효과성을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 5급 여성공무원을 제외하고는 소극적 대표성과 적극적 대표성 측면에서 모두 여성공무원 비율 및 수의 증가와 여성채용목표제 간에 유의미한 관계가 발견되지 않았다. 여성취업자 비율 및 수, 여성대졸이상인구비율 및 수와 출산율, 1989년 남녀성별구분모집제의 폐지와 같은 다른 정책적 변수 등이 여성공무원 비율 및 수의 증가에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
[주제어: 여성채용목표제, 대표관료제, 소극적 및 적극적 대표성]

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