동원과 참여 사이에서: 1970년대 농촌 새마을운동 과정에서의 지방공무원의 역할 = Between Mobilization and Participation: A Study on the Roles of Public Officials in Local Administrations during the Rural Saemaul Undong in the 1970s

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this research is to investigate the roles of public officials in local administrations during the rural Saemaul Undong in the 1970s. In this vein, the author analyzed the activities of two local officials for Saemaul Undong in Youngil-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, applying institutional leadership theories. The local officials used soft-power techniques such as communication and persuasion and hard-power techniques such as coercion and incentives, depending on the situation. Within villages, they participated in the decision-making process on the Saemaul projects and promoted villagers to participate in the projects. To obtain more resources and infuse legitimacy for the carrying out of the Saemaul projects, they constructed social networks with various institutes and stakeholders outside villages. In brief, they played roles as follows: (1) hidden leaders for Saemaul Undong, leading not only ordinary village residents but also Saemaul leaders; (2) mediators between state and rural society, delivering information about the Saemaul projects at the village level to the state and disseminating guidance from the state to the village level; (3) coordinators or buffers between mobilization from above and participation from below. These activities contributed not only to enhancing the performance of the Saemaul projects, but also to infusing the rural Saemaul Undong with legitimacy in the region.