가상아동포르노그래피 규제의 위헌성 = Unconstitutionality of Virtual Child Pornography Regulation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Starting 2011, Korean law punishes virtual child pornography, a work depicting a child played by an animation character or an adult sexually engaged or exposed, including its possession, harshly as a sexual crime against children. The following year, the country witnessed a surge in child porno prosecutions including the uploaders of Japanese animations and adult videos in which animation characters or adult actors play child characters` roles in the fictions, which paralyzed for the animation and cartoon industry. The international norm on child pornography has been to punish even low levels of the child`s sexual engagement or exposure for the reason that it harms the child physically and psychologically during and after the production. The catch has been that there has to be a real child being harmed. Virtual child pornography lacking wholly any involvement of a real child should not be punished unless it is obscene, and if it is obscene, it should be punished under the obscenity regulation, not under the child porno regulation. Firstly, such work has not been proven to cause the viewers to engage in such crimes. Punishment in absence of proof will violate the clear and danger principle of free expression. Secondly, there are a plenty of non-obscene virtual child pornography contributing to arts arid literature, therefore need protection. Even if we “decided” that all depictions of child characters engaged or exposed sexually are obscene or even if we limit the application of child porno regulation to only those obscene, there remains a problem of disproportionate sentencing (5 years for production) compared to much more offensive adult pornography (1 year) and also a problem of criminalizing its possession. Possession has been justified because possession was considered to cause demand for producing more pornography, and such theory becomes meaningful only when the production involves the real child. Also, if we contract the coverage to only obscene ones, it eviscerates the core values of child porno regulation served by punishing low-level sexual expressions of children.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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17 "http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/scjudgments/2008nswsc.nsf/6ccf7431c546464bca2570e6001a45d2/ef4625a9db3003f1ca25751500066d48?OpenDocument"

18 "http://www.internationalresourcecentre.org/en_X2/Documents/LegislationEuropol_2005.pdf"

19 Paula Bird, "VIRTUAL CHILD PORNOGRAPHY LAWS AND THE CONSTRAINTS IMPOSED BY THE FIRST AMENDMENT" (Spring) : 2011

20 Bret Boyce, "Obscenity and Community Standards" 33 : 299-, 2008

21 Neil Malamuth, "Drawing the line on virtual child pornography: Bringing the law in line with the research evidence" 31 : 2007