베트남 중앙정부의 도시개발정책과 지방정부의 역할

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to explain urban development policy of the central government of Vietnam and the role of local governments in planning and implementing urban development projects. Urban development policy in Vietnam, affected by the Soviet Union experiences from the 1950s, has begun to introduce the capitalist model from the early of 1990s to cope with globalization and to manage emerging market in the context of, so-called “Doi Moi”. Urbanization rate in Vietnam showed about 22% in 2000, and around 30% in 2009. And it is expected to be over than 45% in 2020. This growing urbanization rate in Vietnam has changed the paradigm in urban policy from the centralized system to the decentralized system. Vietnam government has begun to devolve the powers and authorities regarding urban development to local governments since the late 1990s differently according to their levels such as the central cities(Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh), I, II, III, IV, and V-class cities. At the central government level in Vietnam, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment(MRE) is responsible for land use allocation, whereas the Ministry of Construction(MOC) for urban and regional planning and development practice. Therefore, the relationship between the central government and local governments in urban development of Vietnam shows ‘triangle structure’ and local governments. But local governments in Vietnam can be said to have some limitations in planning and implementing urban development projects as such: inconsistency of practice of local governments with the orientation of the central government, incapacity of local public personnels to follow up the central government policy, and over-authorizing urban development projects beyond each city’s economic capacity.

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