대한민국 정부수립과 안재홍 = The Establishment of the Republic of Korea and An Jae-Hong: An Analysis of the Theory of Leadership for the New Government

국문 초록 (Abstract)

1947년 10월 미소공동위원회는 최종 파열되었다. 남한단독정부수립이 현실화하는 상황에서, 안재홍은 ‘순정우익’의 개념으로 중간우파의 이념지표를 제시하며 이들을 정치세력화하려 하였다. 그는 남한에 수립되는 단독정부-분단정부가 민족사의 정통성을 획득하려면, 남한에 민주역량을 강화하여 진정한 민주주의를 정착시킬 수 있는 세력이 신정부 수립의 주체가 되고, 이들이 통일정부를 세우는 주도력이 되어야 한다고 인식하였다.
안재홍이 ‘순정우익 집결’을 외치는 현실인식은, 단독정부수립노선을 추진하였던 ‘보수 극우’ 세력이 신정부 수립의 주체가 되어 신생정부를 구성한다면, 민주주의 정착은 요원하며 통일정부수립도 불가능하다는 판단에서 말미암았다. 이는 새로 수립될 남한단독정부-이후 대한민국으로 귀결되는-의 주체, 즉 정부수립과 국가건설의 주도력을 어떠한 구심점으로 형성하는가 하는 문제였다. 제2차 미소공동위원회가 결렬된 이후 5ㆍ10선거를 거쳐 신생 대한민국정부가 수립되기까지, 안재홍의 신국가건설운동은 대한민국정부수립의 주체를 결집하려는 활동이었다.
안재홍의 정치노선은 해방정국에서 어떠한 의미를 지니는가. ‘미소 파탄’(미국과 소련 사이의 협조 체제가 파탄으로 끝났다는 의미의 당시 용어임)의 길목에서, 책임 있는 지도자라면, 한민족도 민족분단의 길머리에 들어섰음을 냉철하게 인식ㆍ통찰하며, 국제정세의 규정력 앞에서 민족 진로의 방향과 방안을 제시해야 했다. ‘미소 파탄’ 하는 끝막까지 분단정부를 거부하고 통일정부를 주장하며 실천한 민족지도자는 많았으나, 이에 대응하여 분단국가에서 통일국가로 나가야 할 비전과 구체안을 제시한 예는 많지 않았다. 이 점에서 안재홍은 해방정국에서 그와 정치노선을 함께 했던 많은 지도자들과도 차별성을 지니는 독자성을 지녔다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The United States-Soviet Joint Conference came to a final rupture in October 1947. The establishment of a separate government in South Korea was becoming a reality and under such circumstances An Jae-Hong attempted to organize the moderate right into a political power by presenting 'Pure Rightists'(Sunj?ng Uik) as their ideological principle. He recognized that, if the separate government(a divided government) being established in the South were to acquire the legitimacy in the national history, the leading group for the new government should come from a political force capable of strengthening democratic capability and establishing a true democracy in the South, under whose leadership a unified government could be attained at a later stage.
An Jae-Hong concluded that a democracy would not take root and the establishment of a future unified government would be impossible if the new government in the South were to be dominated by the conservative extreme rightwing who promoted a political line for establishing a separate South Korean government. His realization of the importance of consolidating 'Pure Rightists' into a political force was derived from his judgment as such. The gist of the problem was about who should become the leading political force in the establishment of the new separate government in the South(which became the Republic of Korea) and the construction of a new nation.
Beginning with the breakdown of the second U.S.-Soviet Joint Committee, through 5.10 election and up to the establishment of the Republic of Korea, An Jae-Hong's political activities had focused on consolidating a political force to lead the new government.
What were the implications of An Jae-Hong's political line during the period of independence and establishment of the new government? At the critical juncture of 'U.S.-Soviet Rupture' (a term used to describe the collapse in the cooperative relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union), a responsible political leader should have recognized the predictable force that was to divide the Korean nation and presented the future direction and plan for the nation facing external forces driven by international powers.
There were many national leaders who rejected the idea of divided Koreas and steadfastly, albeit without effect, advocated for a unified government until the very end of 'U.S.-Soviet Rupture.' Nevertheless, there were few examples of those who offered the vision and concrete plan as to how the two divided governments would be successfully unified in the future. An Jae-Hong was an exception. In this sense, An Jae-Hong was different and unique among many political leaders who shared his political line during the period of independence and the establishment of the Korean governments.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 논문요약
• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 제2차 미소공동위원회 결렬과 ‘순정 우익’론
• Ⅲ. 대한민국정부수립과 ‘순정우익’론의 변용
• Ⅳ. 맺는말
• 영문요약