마제석촉의 변천과 형식별 기능 검토 = A Study on the Transformation and the Function of Stone Arrowhead

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The most prevalent type of polished stone tool found in the Korean peninsula is the polished stone arrowhead. Much work has therefore been carried out on this abundant material. However, research has tended to focus on the spatial and temporal trajectories of this artefact type, and little consideration has been given to the functional or social aspects of these arrowheads. This paper therefore examines changes in stone arrowhead form and explores the social contexts within which these changes took place.
Analysis carried out on the Bronze Age arrowheads excavated from the Korean peninsula shows a decrease in the number of arrowheads with a rectangular cross-section, and an increase in the number of arrowheads with a lozenge-shaped cross-section. In other words, Bronze Age arrowheads appear to have become standardized into a lozenge-shaped (in cross-section) arrowhead with a single tang.
The meaning of such changes can be considered by first investigating the function of each arrowhead type. Making use of related ethno-archaeological and experimental studies from Japanese archaeology, it is suggested that arrowheads with a rectangular cross-section were used in hunting, while those with a lozenge-shaped cross-section were used as a weapon. Although there may be exceptions to this correlation between arrowhead shape and function, a decrease in hunting tools and an increase in weapons can be envisaged for the Bronze Age without much difficulty. Consequently, this can be taken to suggest that social conflicts were increasingly frequent in the Late Bronze Age. This coincides with the emergence of fortified settlements and the increased number of burned houses which have been identified for this period.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 董眞淑, "嶺南地方 靑銅器時代 文化의 變遷" 2003

2 李錫凡, "嶺南地域 磨製石鏃의 型式分類" 嶺南文化財硏究院 17 : 2004

3 中島尙正笠原智治, "復元弓の工學實驗" 國際日本文化硏究センタ 2002

4 朴埈範, "한강유역 출토 돌화살촉에 대한 연구" 1998

5 량익룡, "최근 강원도에서 발견된 원시 유물" 1961

6 황기덕, "조선에서 나타난 활촉의 기본 형태와 분포" 1958

7 임세권, "우리나라 마제석촉의 연구" 1977

8 裵眞晟, "석검 출현의 이데올로기" 釜山考古學硏究會 2006

9 황기덕, "무덤을 통하여 본 우리나라 청동기시대 사회관계" 1965

10 宋滿榮, "남한지방 청동기시대 취락구조의 변화와 계층화" 韓國考古學會 2006

11 崔盛洛, "韓國 磨製石鏃의 考察" 1982

12 黃在焄, "韓國 南西部地域 磨製石鏃의 變遷過程" 2005

13 孫晙鎬, "靑銅器時代 磨製石器 硏究" 서울: 서경 2006b

14 松木武彦, "讚岐平野における打製石鏃の長期的變化" 犬飼徹夫先生古稀記念論文集刊行會 2002

15 黃昌漢, "船形石器에 대한 考察" 釜山考古學硏究會 2006

16 忠淸文化財硏究院, "舒川 烏石里 烏石山遺蹟" 2006

17 孫晙鎬, "磨製石器 分析을 통한 寬倉里遺蹟 B區域의 性格 檢討" 한국고고학회 51 : 5-32, 2003

18 佐原眞, "石製武器の發達" 1964

19 李弘鍾, "無文土器가 彌生土器 성립에 끼친 영향" 韓國古代學會 14 : 2000

20 中村大介, "無文土器時代前期における石鏃の變遷" 大阪大學考古學硏究室 2005

21 黃昌漢, "無文土器時代 磨製石鏃의 製作技法 硏究" 湖南考古學會 20 : 2004

22 孔敏奎, "無文土器文化 前期 磨製石器의 檢討(1)" 崇實大學校史學會 19 : 2006

23 宋滿榮, "火災住居址를 통해 본 中期 無文土器時代 社會의 性格" 韓國大學博物館協會 51 : 1996

24 嶺南文化財硏究院, "漆谷 福星里 支石墓群" 嶺南文化財硏究院 2001

25 白弘基, "江陵 坊內里 住居址" 江陵大學校博物館 1996

26 金元龍任孝宰崔夢龍呂重哲郭乘勳, "欣岩里 住居址" 서울大學校附屬博物館仝考古人類學科. 1973

27 藤田亮策, "朝鮮考古學硏究" 1948

28 江原文化財硏究所, "春川 泉田里遺蹟" 2005

29 柳田康雄, "日本朝鮮半島の中國式銅劍と實年代論" 九州歷史資料館 29 : 2004

30 松木武彦, "戰鬪用鏃と狩獵用鏃" 古代武器硏究會 5 : 2004

31 橋口達也, "彌生時代の戰い" 考古學硏究會 42 (42): 1995

32 神野惠, "彌生時代の弓矢(下)" 財團法人古代學協會 52 (52): 2000

33 佐木憲一, "弓矢の實驗考古學的硏究の步み" 國際日本文化硏究センタ 2002

34 近藤敏, "弓矢という道具の矢" 土曜考古學硏究會 27 : 2003

35 松木武彦, "弓と矢の系譜" 雄山閣 76 : 2001

36 國立民族學博物館編, "國立民族學博物館總合案內" 1977

37 羅建柱, "唐津 自開里 1遺蹟 出土 磨製石鏃의 製作過程 및 形式學的 檢討" 忠淸文化財硏究院 3 : 2006

38 昌原文化財硏究所, "咸安 岩刻畵 古墳" 1996

39 宋滿榮, "南韓地方 農耕文化形成期 聚落의 構造와 變化" 韓國考古學會 2001

40 安在晧, "南韓 前期無文土器의 編年" 1990

41 孫晙鎬, "北韓地域 靑銅器時代 磨製石器의 變化相" 湖西考古學會 14 : 2006a

42 金權中, "北漢江流域 靑銅器時代 住居 類型과 中期 設定 試論" 한국문화사학회 (22) : 7-38, 2004

43 鄭澄元, "初期農耕遺跡の立地環境" 1991

44 國立扶餘博物館, "保寧 校成里" 保寧 校成里 자리. : 1987

45 孔敏奎, "中部地域 無文土器文化 前期 環濠聚落의 檢討" 中央文化財硏究院 1 : 2005

46 佐原眞, "かつて戰爭があった" 1975

47 Keeley, L. H, "Hafting and retooling: effects on the archaeological record" 798-809, 1982

48 Bergman, C. A, "Experimental archery: projectile velocities and comparison of bow performances" 658-62 670, 1988

49 Pope, S. T, "Bow and Arrows" 1974