新石器時代 集石遺構의 機能에 대한 批判的 檢討 = A Critical Review of the Function of Stone Pile Features

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The ancient structural feature that has been termed jipseokyugu (集石遺構) or ‘stone pile feature’ was made by spreading one or two layers of stones, and is a characteristic element of the Neolithic period. It should be noted here that this term is only relevant to the structural characteristics of the feature, and is not related to its function. The aim of this research is to find a rational solution to the function of jipseokyugu by critically examining the major opinions on this matter which have been presented so far, and the basis of each.
The discussions about the function of jipseokyugu can be roughly divided into the following three. First, there is the opinion that sees some of the jipsekyugu as a kind of burial. According to this opinion, the so-called jipseokyugu was a kind of facility in which stones were piled on top of a dead body to cover it.
Some of the jipseokyugu are also considered to be earthenware kilns. It is said that the form of the stone piles and the structural characteristics of this feature are advantageous to fire regulation and the maintenance of temperatures. But the basis of this opinion is also insufficient.
The most generally accepted opinion up to now is that jipseokyugu are open-air hearths where people cooked or processed food. The results of the analysis of residual fatty acid which was conducted targeting the jipseokyugu of the Jinan Galmeori site and the Incheon Nambukdong site back up this opinion. The results of the survey on jipseokyugu by experimental archaeology circles proved that it was possible for ancient people to maintain firepower even with limited fuels by virtue of smooth ventilation, and cook foods since stone in a piled state displayed a sort of heat insulation effect. Another basis for judging that jipseokyugu might be outdoor bare ground comes from ethnographic data. The ethnography-sourcing data,which was collected and suggested through several channels, shows examples of the use of outdoor bare ground in the form of a pile of stones. Of course there exists a weak point in the argument that sees jipseokyugu as outdoor bare ground – the deficiency in the basis for backing up the explanation on the difference in the internal forms of jipseokyugu.
Nevertheless, according to the diverse reviews considered in this paper, jipseokyugu can be presumed to have been open-air hearths.

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