초등학생의 끈기(Grit), 자기효능감, 성취목표, 학업적 자기조절의 구조적 관계

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined the structural relationship among elementary students’ grit, self-efficacy, achievement goals (i.e. mastery goal, performance approach goal, performance avoidance goal), and academic self-regulation. Additionally, we investigated how grit predicted academic self-regulation via self-efficacy and achievement goals. A total of 267 5th and 6th graders’ responses were collected from elementary schools in Korea. Results showed that the hypothesized structural equation model fitted the data well based on fit indices. Grit had a positive effect on self-efficacy, mastery goal, and performance approach goal. Specifically, the relative predictability of grit on self-efficacy and mastery goal was greater than the one on performance approach goal. The effect of grit on performance avoidance goal was not statistically significant. Moreover, grit had a significant direct and indirect effect on academic self-regulation. Mastery goal was found to partially mediate the relationship between grit and academic self-regulation. This study investigated how grit influenced academic self-regulation through motivational variables and provided empirical evidences.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• ABSTRACT
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 연구방법
• Ⅲ. 연구 결과
• Ⅳ. 결론 및 논의
• References

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 황매향, "학습부진학생 유형화 탐색 : 학습동기와 자기통제성을 중심으로" 사범대학부속중등교육연구소 60 (60): 191-217, 2012

2 임효진, "학습동기, 자기통제, 학습전략을 중심으로 한 초등학생의 잠재집단분석" 한국초등교육학회 25 (25): 27-54, 2012

3 정현진, "초등학생이 지각한 부모의 학습관여와 학습동기, 학업 스트레스와의 관계" 서울교육대학교 교육전문대학원 2014

4 류지헌, "초등학생의 자기결정성 동기요인이 인지전략과 학업성취에 미치는 인과관계의 검증" 교과교육연구소 12 (12): 219-238, 2008

5 오정희, "초등학생과 중학생의 학업스트레스 관련 변인 연구: 성별 및 학교급, 지각된 부모의 학업성취압력과 학업적 자기효능감 중심으로" 한국상담학회 14 (14): 1981-1994, 2013

6 조승우, "초등학교 아동의 목표지향성과 자기조절학습전략 사용 및 자기효능감과의 관계" 교육과학연구소 27 (27): 71-88, 1998

7 김아영, "자기결정성이론과 현장 적용 연구" 한국교육심리학회 24 (24): 583-609, 2010

8 주영주, "영재학생의 그릿(꾸준한 노력, 지속적 관심), 교사지원, 부모지원의 자기조절학습능력, 영재교육만족도에 대한 예측력 검증" 특수교육연구소 15 (15): 29-49, 2016

9 안도희, "영재와 평재 고등학생들의 성공에 대한 인식, Grit, 열망 및 성취목적 비교" 한국영재학회 25 (25): 607-628, 2015

10 권정혜, "성취목표와 교과흥미, 자기조절학습, 학업성취의 예측관계" 고려대학교 교육대학원 2012

11 한상훈, "성인학습자의 학습동기와 자기주도학습의 관계" 학습자중심교과교육학회 7 (7): 355-374, 2007

12 박병기, "변화신념, 목표지향성, 자기조절학습, 학업성취 및 주관적 안녕의 인과구조 탐색: Dweck 모형의 확장" 한국교육심리학회 22 (22): 333-350, 2008

13 이수란, "무엇이 뛰어난 학업성취를 예측하는가? -신중하게 계획된 연습과 투지(Grit)" 한국심리학회산하학교심리학회 10 (10): 349-366, 2013

14 하혜숙, "끈기와 자기통제 집단수준에 따른 성격요인의 예측력 및 학교 부적응과 학업성취의 관계" 원격교육연구소 11 (11): 145-166, 2015

15 김수천, "국민의 교육받을 권리와 기초학력 책임지도제" 한국교육과정학회 23 (23): 157-174, 2005

16 문공주, "고등학생의 투지, 흥미, 과제집착력, 자기조절능력 및 과학학업성취의 관계 분석" 한국과학교육학회 36 (36): 445-455, 2016

17 유영란, "고등학생의 그릿(Grit)과 객관적 추론, 자기조절학습효능감 간의 관계 규명" 한국청소년학회 22 (22): 367-385, 2015

18 Kim, H. M., "Validation of the Korean grit scale for children" 35 (35): 67-74, 2015

19 Duckworth, A. L., "True grit" 26 (26): 1-3, 2013

20 Levitin, D. J., "This is your brain on music: Understanding a human obsession" Dutton 2006

21 Wolf, J. R., "The role of grit in predicting student performance in introductory programming courses: An exploratory study" 2015

22 Ericsson, K. A., "The pursuit of excellence through education" Lawrence Erlbaum 21-55, 2002

23 Datu, J. A. D., "The psychology of Asian learners" Springer 503-516, 2016

24 Ryans, D. G., "The measurement of persistence : An historical review" 36 (36): 715-739, 1939

25 Eskreis-Winkler, L., "The grit effect : Predicting retention in the military, the workplace, school and marriage" 5 (5): 1-12, 2014

26 de Ridder, D. T., "Taking stock of self-control a meta-analysis of how trait self-control relates to a wide range of behaviors" 16 (16): 76-99, 2012

27 Duckworth, A. L., "Self-discipline outdoes IQ in predicting academic performance of adolescents" 16 (16): 939-944, 2005

28 Bong, M., "SMILES (Student Motivation in the Learning Environment Scales)"

29 Judge, T. A., "Relationship of core self-evaluations traits—self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability—with job satisfaction and job performance : A meta-analysis" 86 (86): 80-92, 2001

30 Pajares, F., "Relation between achievement goals and self-beliefs of middle school students in writing and science" 25 : 406-422, 2000

31 Bronson, M. B., "Recognizing and supporting the development of self-regulation in young children" 55 (55): 32-37, 2000

32 Rojas, J. P., "Psychometric properties of the academic grit scale" University of Kentucky 2012

33 Shechtman, N., "Promoting grit, tenacity, and perseverance: Critical factors for success in the 21st century" U.S. Department of Education Office of Educational Technology: Center for Technology in Learning SRI International 2013

34 Hogan, M. L., "Non-cognitive traits that impact female success in big law" University of Pennsylvania 2013

35 Pintrich, P. R., "Multiple goals, multiple pathways : The role of goal orientation in learning and achievement" 92 (92): 544-555, 2000

36 Duckworth, A. L., "International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences vol 21, 2nd edition" Elsvier 397-401, 2015

37 Bloom, B. S., "Human characteristics and school learning" McGraw Hill 1976

38 Tough, P., "How children succeed: Grit, curiosity, and the hidden power of character" Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 2012

39 Lee, J., "Higher-order structures of noncognitive constructs and prediction of PISA 2003 mathematics achievement" 26 : 119-130, 2013

40 Taylor, S. E., "Harnessing the imagination : Mental simulation, self-regulation, and coping" 53 (53): 429-439, 1998

41 Zimmerman, B. J., "Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance" Routledge 49-64, 2011

42 Schunk, D., "Handbook of self-regulation" Academic Press 631-649, 2000

43 Duckworth, A. L., "Grit: The power of passion and perseverance" Scribner 2016

44 Goodwin, B., "Grit plus talent = student success" 71 (71): 74-76, 2013

45 Duckworth, A. L., "Grit : Perseverance and passion for long-term goals" 92 (92): 1087-1101, 2007

46 Oettingen, G., "Future thought and behaviour change" 23 (23): 1-63, 2012

47 Hochanadel, A., "Fixed and growth mindset in education and how grit helps students persist in the face of adversity" 11 (11): 47-50, 2015

48 Lee, S., "Effects of grit, deliberate practice and contingencies of self-worth on academic achievement" Yonsei University 2015

49 Duckworth, A. L., "Development and validation of the short grit scale(GRIT-S)" 91 (91): 166-174, 2009

50 Duckworth, A. L., "Deliberate practice spells success why grittier competitors triumph at the national spelling bee" 2 (2): 174-181, 2011

51 Mischel, W., "Delay of gratification in children" 244 : 933-938, 1989

52 Hu, L., "Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis : Conventional criteria versus new alternatives" 6 (6): 1-55, 1999

53 Webb, E., "Character and intelligence: An attempt at an exact study of character" Cambridge University Press 1915

54 Shim, W. Y., "Changes in students, motivation to learn" 14 (14): 19-44, 2001

55 Romer, D., "Can adolescents learn self-control? Delay of gratification in the development of control over risk taking" 11 (11): 319-330, 2010

56 Middleton, M. J., "Avoiding the demonstration of lack of ability : An underexplored aspect of goal theory" 89 : 710-718, 1997

57 Lee, J. L., "An analysis of structural relationship among locus of control, mindset, grit, and academic achievement" Andong National University 2016

58 Fernald, G. G., "An achievement capacity test : A preliminary report" 3 (3): 331-336, 1912

59 Elliot, A. J., "Achievement goals, study strategies, and exam performance : A mediational analysis" 91 (91): 549-563, 1999

60 Zhang, L., "Academic delay of gratification and children’s study time allocation as a function of proximity to consequential academic goals" 21 (21): 77-94, 2011

61 Song, I. S., "A study on the relationships of goal orientation, self-regulated learning, and academic achievement" 14 (14): 29-64, 2000

62 Elliot, A. J., "A hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation" 72 (72): 218-232, 1997

63 Bagozzi, R. P., "A general approach for representing constructs in organizational research" 1 : 48-57, 1998

64 권성연, "2x2 성취목표지향성과 자기조절학습의 관계" 한국교육공학회 24 (24): 213-240, 2008