유년기 인성 형성에 관한 러셀 견해 고찰 = A Critical Study of Bertrand Russell's Approach to Character Formation and education in Early Childhood

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The main purpose of this study is to elucidate and criticize Bertrand Russell's view on early childhood education and to make some brief comparisons positions. According to him, there are some qualities that desirable in a certain proportion of mankind, others are undesirable universally. Russell take four characteristics which form the basis of ideal character: vitality, courage, sensitivity, and intelligence. Moreover, he firmly believe that, by proper physical, emotional and intellectual care of the young, these qualities could all be made very common. So Russell suggest the aim of education especially in early childhood, is to foster desirable habits or dispositions. And he insist the importance of concrete experience over abstract principles of moral reasoning for fostering desirable habits
But there are positions to counter Russell's view. They deny that human being have dispositions, that it is conceivable and possible to form them in young people by deliberate, intentional, and premeditated means, and that this activity we shall call by the name education. They insist deliberately fostering certain dispositions or habits is infringe of personal autonomy. They assume that promoting the freedom method is sufficient to foster desirable character.
Freedom for Russell is exceedingly important but he would point out that it is not enough to insist upon the dispositions needed to freedom. To let the young children in freedom is not likely to generate the a desirable character that Russell would engender. Thus, the trouble with the counter view on Russell's is that they do not consider the wide range of dispositions involved in desirable, undesirable or constructive, destructive dispositions They do not consider that very young children have no basis to choice and come under the influence of environment.
Russell remind us of the important features of deliberate education: its manifestation of preferences for some special kind of environment. According to Russell, deliberate education inevitably selects a environment so that the young may not be left to unguided interaction with their environment, If he is right, education especially in early childhood should be a deliberate effort to bring about those circumstances which promote the development of desirable habits rather than an effort to be free the young.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

유년기 아동의 양육을 담당하는 이들에게 있어서 이 시기 아동이 무엇을 배우고 형성해야 하는가에 관한 문제는 중요한 교육적 관심사이다. 본문은 유년기 아동 교육의 목적, 방법 등 교육일반에 관한 시사점을 찾는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 교육의 목적 특히 유년기의 교육목적은 바람직한 인성의 기초가 되는 습관을 형성하는 것이며, 이 시기 교육을 책임지는 이의 주요과제는 바람직한 습관형성에 필요한 도덕적 훈육에 있다는 러셀의 견해를 고찰하였다. 다음으로 합리적 도덕적 사고를 중시하면서 타인이 아동의 인성형성과정에 직접적으로 관여 해서는 안 된다는 입장, 그리고 교육의 조건은 아동의 자유를 제공하는데 있기 때문에 인성형 성과정에 성인이 직·간접적으로 관여해서는 안 된다논 입장과 러셀의 견해를 비교 검토하여 그 타당성을 검토하였다. 마지막으로 교육의 목적으로서 인성의 기초를 마련하는 것은 다른 어떠한 목적 이상으로 중요할 수밖에 없으며, 특히 유년기에는 인성형성의 중요한 시기로서 바람직한 인성을 갖추는 데 필요한 습관형성과 이를 위한 적절한 훈육이 필요하다는 점이 논의되었다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 교육에 대한 Russell의 입장
• 1. 교육에 관한 러셀의 일반적 견해
• 2. 유년기 교육에 관한 러셀의 견해
• Ⅲ. Russell 견해의 타당성
• 1. 유년기 인성교육 목적으로서 습관 형성
• 2. 습관형성의 방법으로서 훈육
• Ⅳ. 결론 및 시사점
• 참고문헌
• ABSTRACT

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "인성교육론 〔Educating the Virtues: A Essay on the Philosophical Psychology of Moral Development and education]" 교육과학 1997

2 "공동체주의 도덕교육 연구" 12 (12): 53-101, 2002

3 "The child as a Moral Philosopher In B" Columbia University 131-144, 1974

4 "The Nature of Educational Aims,The Aims of Education (pp .124-132)" 124-132, 1999a

5 "The Demand of Moral Education Education in Morality" 105-117, 1999b

6 "Talis to Parents and teachers" Allen & Unwin 1954

7 "Principles of Social Reconstruction" Geroge Allen and Unwin Ltd 1919

8 "Freedom of Authority in Education" 172-180, 1924

9 "Existentialism in Education" Harper and Row 1966

10 "Ethics and Education" George Allen & Unwin Ltd 1966

11 "Education and the Development of Reason" auto (auto): 448-465, 1972

12 "A Radical Approach to Child Rearing" Hart Publishing Company Inc 1960