초등학생 사회불안의 예측 모형: 행동억제, 부모양육태도 및 자기효능감을 중심으로 = Predictors of Social Anxiety among Elementary School Students: Focus on of Behavioral Inhibition, Parental Attitude, and Self-Efficacy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to establish the model of predicting social anxiety in childhood with behavioral inhibition, parental attitude, self-efficacy, and personal/environmental characteristics of children. Participants were 546 students (186 males and 294 females) from 4th, 5th, and 6th grade elementary school located in Seoul, whose ages ranged from 9 to 13 (M=10.86, SD=1.19). The psychological tests used in this research included the following: the Korean version of Parker's Parental Bonding Instrument, LaGreca's Social Anxiety Scale, the Korean version of Carver & White's BAS/BIS Scale, and Jerusalem & Schwarzer's General Self-Efficacy Scale. Results revealed child's behavioral inhibition system as a temperament was most significant predictor of social anxiety among elementary school students. The self-efficacy plays the role of moderating effect on the influence of behavioral inhibition to social anxiety in childhood. It was found that father's parental attitude as well as mother's parental attitude was significant predictor of child's social anxiety, suggest roles of combination of both parents' attitudes and its combination with child's characteristics for social anxiety. It was discussed with de-identification from parents, temperament and goodness of fit, and person-environment fit, and suggested the information for the intervention of child's social anxiety.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 행동억제 성향, 부모양육태도, 자기효능감 및 개인적/환경적 특성으로 아동의 사회불안을 효율적으로 예측하는 모형을 구축하려고 하였다. 본 연구의 참여자는 4-6학년 초등학생 546명(남: 279, 여: 267)이었으며, 연령 분포는 만 9세에서 13세(M=10.86, SD=1.19) 사이였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 심리검사는 한국판 부모-자녀 결합형태 검사, LaGreca의 사회불안 척도, 한국판 BAS/BIS 척도, 및 일반적 자기효능감 척도이다. 본 연구의 목적을 성취하기 위해 모수 및 비모수로 구성된 26개의 변인으로 의사결정 나무분석을 하였다. 분석 결과, 기질적 요소인 행동억제체계가 아동의 사회불안을 가장 효과적으로 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 인지적 특성인 자기효능감이 사회불안에 대한 행동억제의 효과를 조절하고 있었다. 어머니의 양육태도는 물론 아버지의 양육태도도 자녀의 사회불안에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 부모의 양육태도의 조합과 더 나아가 이 두 변인과 개인적 혹은 환경적 특성의 조합으로도 아동의 사회불안을 유의하게 예측할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 부모로부터의 탈동일시, 부모-자녀 기질 궁합, 개인-환경 적합도 등과 함께 논의하였고, 아동의 사회불안에 대한 중재와 관련된 정보도 제시하였다.

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