문화차는 어디에서 비롯되는가: 생태문화적 연구의 현황과 과제 = Where Does Cultural Variation Come From? A Review of the Ecocultural Approach to Culture

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Although there has been a significant advance in the field of cultural psychology, it remains challenging to answer the fundamental question of what produces the diversity of cultures in the world. The goals of this article are to review both early and recent attempts to address this question and to suggest directions for future research. A special attention is given to the ecocultural approach to culture, in particular, how this approach theoretically conceptualizes and empirically investigates the constituting relationship between the human mind and ecocultural conditions. A diverse array of current empirical work is reviewed, including (a) work on cross-cultural variations in the development of cognitive competence and adaptation, (b) research on within-culture variations in self-construal and social behavior, and (c) research on the effects of geographic movement on the self, social relationships, and cultural change. Directions for future research are discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

문화심리학 연구 영역의 확장과 경험적 자료의 축적에도 불구하고 문화차의 기원을 밝히는 것은 여전히 난제로 남아있다. 본 논문에서는 문화차의 연원을 밝히고자 하였던 과거에서 현재까지의 연구를 개관하고, 앞으로의 연구 과제들을 제안하였다. 특히 생태문화적 접근에서 인간의 마음과 생태문화적 조건 간의 상호 형성 관계를 어떻게 이론적으로 개념화하고 경험적으로 연구하는 지를 중점적으로 개관하였다. 생태문화적 접근을 취한 최근의 여러 연구들 중 (1) 인지 능력의 발달과 적응에 있어서의 문화 간 변산, (2) 자기관과 독립성-상호의존성, 사회 행동에 있어서의 문화 내 변산, (3) 지리적 이동이 자기, 사회 행동, 사회 관계 및 문화의 변화에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구를 상세하게 정리하였다. 마지막으로, 생태문화적 접근과 관련하여 앞으로의 연구 과제들을 제시하였다.

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