우리나라 노인의 삶에 대한 만족도 : 시설노인과 일반노인의 비교 = Quality of Life in the Elderly Living in the Community and in Institutions

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was conducted to investigate quality of life in the elderly residing in the community and those residing in institutions. It aimed at examining 1) the extent to which the two groups of old people were satisfied with their lives, 2) the domains of life which should be reorganized to elevate overall life satisfaction for the two groups of people, and 3) the effects of extraversion and optimistic personality on their satisfaction with life. The findings were as follows. First, the elderly residing in the community were not satisfied with their lives more than those in institutions. Secondly, satisfaction in the domain of production was found to be the most influential element comprising overall satisfaction with life for the elderly residing in institutions, whereas satisfaction in material, emotional and physical domains disproportionately affected overall life satisfaction for the elderly residing in the community. Finally, irrespective of the groups, the more optimistic and the more extroverted the old people were, the more satisfied they were with their lives. The implications of these results were discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 지역사회에 거주하는 노인들과 시설에 거주하는 노인들이 1) 자신의 삶에 대해 각각 어느 정도 만족하고 있는지 알아보고, 2) 삶의 여러 영역들에 대한 만족감과 삶 전반에 대해 느끼는 만족감의 관계를 밝힘으로써 이들이 앞으로 더 만족스러운 삶을 영위하도록 하기 위해서는 어떤 영역에서의 생활을 개선할 필요가 있는지 규명해내며, 또 3) 성격요인 중 외향적 성향과 낙관주의적 태도가 삶에 대한 만족감에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 검토하고자 하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일반가정노인이 시설노인보다 삶에 대한 만족도가 더 높지 않았다. 둘째, 시설노인은 생산영역 만족도가 전반적 만족도를 주로 결정하였으나, 일반가정노인은 물질, 정서, 신체영역 만족도가 상대적으로 영향력이 더 컸고 생산영역 만족도는 영향력이 미미하였다. 끝으로, 노인집단에 관계없이 성격이 낙관적인 노인일수록, 또 외향적인 성향이 강한 노인일수록 자신의 삶에 대해 만족감을 더 많이 느끼고 있었다. 이상의 결과에 대해 논의하였다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이순묵, "직업생활의 질과 인생의 질. 삶의 질의 심리학" 79-112, 1995

2 김완석, "주관적 안녕 척도 : 공동생활 및 활동과의 연관" 3 : 61-81, 1997

3 이흥철, "정서상태가 기억수행 및 주의편향에 미치는 효과" 고려대학교 1993

4 손화희, "재가복지 수혜노인의 주관적 안녕감에 대한 생태학적 접근" 19 (19): 83-103, 1999

5 통계청, "장래인구추계 2000-2050"

6 성기월, "시설노인과 재가노인의 일상생활 정도와 생활만족 정도의 비교" 19 (19): 105-117, 1999

7 윤진, "성공적 노화와 삶의 질. 삶의 질의 심리학" 45-75, 1995

8 아이젱크, "성격차원검사 요강" 중앙적성출판사 1985

9 김기태, "독거노인의 생활만족도와 사회지지망. 지역복지관의 서비스를 제공받고 있는 노인을 중심으로" 20 (20): 153-168, 2000

10 정혜정, "독거 여성노인의 생활만족도 연구-전라북도 지역을 중심으로" 20 : 49-70, 2000

11 정태연, "대학생 자녀와 그 부모가 평가한 세대간 차이점과 유사점" 7 : 1-19, 2001

12 유희정, "노인의 성격특성이 주관적 행복감에 미치는 영향 : 외-내향성과 신경증적 경향성을 중심으로" 6 : 1-8, 1987

13 박은숙, "노인의 삶의 질 예측모형 구축-건강관리 모형을 중심으로" 18 (18): 37-61, 1998

14 장현, "노인 생활만족도에 관한 시간적 차원의 연구" 16 (16): 137-150, 1996

15 권중돈, "노년기의 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인" 20 (20): 61-76, 2000

16 김태현, "노년기 삶의 질 향상에 관한 연구(II)" 19 (19): 61-81, 1999

17 김영진, "공동생활과 주관적 안녕감 III" 아주대학교 사회과학연구소 1998

18 김혜숙, "공동생활과 주관적 안녕감 II" 아주대학교 사회과학연구소 1997

19 Myers, D., "Who is happy?" 6 : 10-19, 1985

20 Leung, B. W., "Think positively and feel positively : Optimism and life satisfaction in late life" 61 : 335-365, 2005

21 Stock, W. A., "The structure of subjective well-being among the elderly" 1 : 91-102, 1986

22 Bradburn, N. M., "The structure of psychological well-being" Aldine 1969

23 Campbell, A., "The sense of well-being in America: Recent patterns and trends" McGraw-Hill 1981

24 Arrindell, W. A., "The satisfaction with life scale(SLMS). Psychometric properties non-psychiatric medical outpatients sample" 12 : 117-123, 1991

25 Diener, E., "The satisfaction with life scale" 49 : 1-, 1985

26 Campbell, A., "The quality of American life" Sage 1976

27 Neugarten, B. L., "The measurement of life satisfaction" 16 : 134-143, 1961

28 Kozma, A., "The measurement of happiness : Development of the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness(MUNSH)" 35 : 906-912, 1980

29 Diener, E., "The independence of positive and negative affect" 47 : 1105-1117, 1984

30 Lawton, M. P., "The dimensions of morale, In Research, planning, and action for the elderly" Behavioral Publications 144-165, 1972

31 Baltes, P. B., "The Berlin aging study: Aging from 70 to 100" Cambridge University Press 1999

32 Diener E., "Temporal stability and cross-situational consistency of positive and negative affect" 47 : 871-883, 1984

33 Baltes, P. B., "Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences" Cambridge University Press 1990

34 Diener, E., "Subjective well-being" 95 : 542-575, 1984

35 Maddi, D. R., "Stressful events are indeed a factor in physical illness : Reply to Shroeder and Costa(1984)" 52 : 81-90, 1987

36 Lent, R. W., "Social cognitive predictors of domain and life satisfaction : Exploring the theoretical precursors of subjective well-being" 52 : 429-442, 2005

37 Wood, W., "Sex differences in positive well-being : A consideration of emotional style and marital status" 106 : 249-264, 1989

38 Garfein, A. J., "Robust aging among the young-old, old-old, and oldest-old" 508 : 577-587, 1995

39 Pavot W., "Review of Satisfaction with Life Scale" 5 : 164-172, 1993

40 Felce, D., "Quality of life: the scope of the term and its breadth of measurement, In Quality of life for people with disabilities. Models, research and practice" Stanley Thornes Ltd 1997

41 Headey, B., "Personality, life events, and subjective well-being : Toward a dynamic equilibrium model" 57 : 731-739, 1989

42 Costa, P. T., "Personality as a lifelong determinant of well-being, In Affective processes in adult development and aging" Sage 141-156, 1984

43 Diener, E., "Personality and subjective well-being, In Well-being: The foundations of a hedonic psychology" Russell Sage Foundation 213-229, 1999

44 Costa, P. T., "Personal adjustment to aging : Longitudinal prediction from neuroticism and extraversion" 36 : 78-85, 1981

45 Scheier, M. F., "Optimism, coping, and health : Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies" 4 : 219-247, 1985

46 Scheier, M. F., "On the power of positive thinking : The benefits of being optimistic" 2 : 26-30, 1993

47 Brickman, P., "Lottery winners and accident victims: Is happiness relative?" 36 : 917-927, 1978

48 Hotard, S. R., "Interactive effects of extraversion, neuroticism, and social relationships on subjective well-being" 57 : 321-331, 1989

49 Feist, G. J., "Integrating top-down and bottom-up structural models of subjective well-being : A longitudinal investigation" 68 : 138-150, 1995

50 Brief, A. P., "Integrating bottom-up and top-down theories of subjective well-being : The case of health" 64 : 646-653, 1993

51 Schroeder, D. H., "Influence of life event stress on physical illness: Substantive effects or methodological flaws?" 46 : 853-863, 1984

52 Costa, P. T., "Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: Happy and unhappy people" 38 : 668-678, 1980

53 Gallup, G., "Human needs and satisfaction : A global survey" 40 : 459-467, 1977

54 Rowe, J. W., "Human aging : Usual and successful aging" 237 : 143-149, 1987

55 Johnson, W., "How money buys happiness : Genetic and environmental processes linking finances and life satisfaction" 90 (90): 680-691, 2006

56 Pavot W., "Further validation of the satisfaction with life scale : Evidence for the cross-method convergence of well-being measures" 57 : 149-161, 1991

57 Scheier, M. F., "Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being : Theoretical overview and empirical update" 16 : 201-228, 1992

58 Easterlin, R. A., "Does money buy happiness?" 30 : 3-10, 1973

59 Lucas, R. E., "Discriminant validity of well-being measures" 7 : 616-628, 1996

60 Andrews, F. M., "Developing measures of perceived life quality : Results from several national surveys" 1 : 1-26, 1976

61 Diener, E., "Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self esteem" 68 : 653-663, 1995

62 Veenhoven, R., "Conditions of happiness" D. Reidel 1984

63 Kolberg, K. J. S., "Biological development and health risk, In Life-span Perspectives on Health and Illness" Erlbaum 23-45, 1999

64 Diener, E., "Beyond the hedonic treadmill : Revising the adaptation theory of well-being" 61 (61): 305-314, 2006

65 Diener, E., "Assessing subjective well-being : Progress and opportunities" 31 : 103-157, 1994

66 Lounsbury, J, W., "An investigation of broad and narrow personality traits in relation to general and domain-specific satisfaction of college students" 46 : 707-729, 2005

67 Andrews, F. M., "American's perception of life quality" Plenum Press 1974

68 Abeles, R. P., "Aging and quality of life" Springer 1994

69 Okun, M. A., "A meta-analysis of subjective well-being interventions among elders" 108 : 257-266, 1990