고등학생의 자아탄력성이 내재화 문제에 미치는 영향: 긍정정서의 매개효과 = The Effects of Ego-Resiliency on Internalizing Problems of high school students: Mediating Effects of Positive Emotions

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 고등학생을 대상으로 내재화 문제에 대한 자아탄력성과 긍정정서의 영향 및 자아탄력성이 긍정정서를 매개로 내재화 문제에 주는 영향을 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 남녀 고등학생 292명(남: 148명, 여: 144명)을 대상으로 수집된 자료에 대해서 상관분석과 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 자아탄력성과 긍정정서는 내재화 문제를 유의미하게 예언하였으며 자아탄력성과 내재화 문제의 관계에서 긍정정서는 부분매개를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 자아탄력성이 높고 스트레스 상황에서 긍정정서를 경험하는 사람은 우울, 불안, 사회적 위축 등의 내재화 문제를 더 적게 보일 수 있음을 시사한다. 논의에서는 자아탄력성이 내재화 문제에 영향을 미치는 과정에 대한 연구의 의의와, 시사점, 그리고 스트레스 상황에서 긍정정서를 경험할 수 있도록 돕는 상담적 개입 등이 언급되었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to identify the relations of ego-resiliency, positive emotions and internalizing problems, and the mediating effects of positive emotions. This survey was of conducted on high school students. In result, ego-resiliency and positive emotions significantly predicted internalizing problems and positive emotions partially mediated the relation of ego-resiliency and internalizing problems. Those who are more resilient and have more positive emotions in stressful situations are less depressive, anxious, and socially withdrawing. Finally, why the process study of ego-resiliency to internalizing problems is important was discussed. In addition, it is suggessted that the interventions to experience more positive emotions in stressful situations is important in counseling

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 박원주, "탄력성에 따른 성격유형별 학교생활적응, 내재화 및 외현화 문제의 차이 연구" 한국상담심리학회 20 (20): 675-695, 2008

2 김혜영, "초기 청소년이 지각한 부모양육행동이 심리사회적 부적응에 미치는 영향 연구" 이화여자대학교 1999

3 하은혜, "청소년 자기 행동 평가와 부모 평가간의 관계: K-CBCL과 YSR의 하위요인 구조 비교" 2007

4 유성경, "적응 유연한 청소년들의 심리적 보호요소 탐색" 한국교육심리학회 16 (16): 189-206, 2002

5 서선주, "아동의 역량지각과 행동문제" 20 (20): 97-106, 1999

6 이유정, "성격특질이 기분의 수준 및 변화성에 미치는 영향" 중앙대학교 1994

7 장진아, "부부갈등이 청소년 자녀의 부적응에 미치는 영향 - 자아탄력성, 부모 양육태도, 사회적 지지의 매개과정" 한국상담심리학회 18 (18): 569-592, 2006

8 Fredrickson, B. L., "What good are positive emotions?" 2 (2): 300-319, 1998

9 Fredrickson, B. L., "What good are positive emotions in crises? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001" 84 (84): 365-376, 2003

10 Block, J., "Venturing a 30-year longitudinal study" 61 (61): 315-327, 2006

11 Fredrickson, B. L., "The undoing effect of positive emotions" 24 (24): 237-258, 2000

12 Funder, D. C., "The role of ego-control, ego-resiliency, and IQ in delay of gratification in adolescence" 57 (57): 1041-1050, 1989

13 Einsenberg, N., "The relation of regulation and emotionality to children's externalizing and internalizing problem behavior" 72 (72): 1112-1134, 2001

14 Hart, D., "The relation of childhood personality types to adolescent behavior and development: A longitudinal study of Icelandic children" 33 : 195-205, 1997

15 Mischel, W., "The nature of adolescent competencies Predicted by preschool delay og gratification" 54 (54): 687-696, 1988

16 Baron, R. M., "The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations" 51 : 1173-1182, 1986

17 Block, J., "The California Child Q-Set" Consulting Psychologists Press 1980

18 Folkman, S., "Stress, positive emotion, and coping" 9 (9): 115-118, 2000

19 Garnefski, N., "Specificity of relations between adolescents' cognitive emotion regulation strategies and internalizing and externalizing psychology" 28 : 619-631, 2005

20 Kwok, O., "Role of resilient personality on lower achieving first grade students' current and future achievement" 45 : 61-82, 2007

21 Asendorpf, J. B., "Resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled personality prototypes in childhood: Replicability, predictive power, and the trait-type issue" 77 (77): 815-832, 1999

22 Robins, R. W., "Resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled boys: Three replicable personality types" 70 (70): 157-171, 1996

23 Tugade, M., M., "Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences" 86 (86): 320-333, 2004

24 Tugade, M., M., "Psychological resilience and positive emotional granularity: Examining the benefits of positive emotions on coping and health" 72 (72): 1161-1190, 2004

25 Fredrickson, B. L., "Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought-action repertoires" 19 (19): 313-332, 2005

26 Folkman, S., "Positive affect and the other side of coping" 55 (55): 647-654, 2000

27 Caspi, A., "Personality development across the life course. in: Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (5th ed)" Wiley 311-388, 1998

28 Masten, A. S., "Ordinary magic: Resilience process in development" 56 (56): 227-238, 2001

29 Achenbach, T. M., "Manual for the child behavior checklist and revised child behavior profile" University of Vermont 1983

30 Achenbach, T. M., "Manual for the Youth Self-Report and 1991 Profile" University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry 1991

31 Reynolds, W. M., "Internalizing disorders in children and adolescents" Wiley 1992

32 Folkman, S., "If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination" 48 : 150-170, 1985

33 Block, J., "IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness" 70 (70): 349-361, 1996

34 Pulkkinen, L., "Female and male personality styles: A typological and developmental analysis" 70 : 1288-1306, 1996

35 Bonanno, G. A., "Facial expressions of emotion and the course of conjugal bereavement" 106 : 126-137, 1997

36 Eaton, L. G., "Extraversion and go-resiliency: Predicting Electroencephalograph Measured Positive Emotion" 5 (5): 175-193, 2007

37 Huey, S. J., "Ego control, ego resiliency, and the five-factor model as predictors of behavioral and emotional problems in clinic-referred children and adolescents" 106 (106): 404-415, 1997

38 Dekker, Ferdinard, "Developmental trajectories of depressive systems from early childhood to late adolescence: Gender differences and adult outcome" 48 : 657-666, 2007

39 Watson, D., "Development and Validation of brief measure of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales" 54 : 1063-1070, 1988

40 Block, J., "Depressive symtoms in late adolescence: A longitudinal perspective on personality antecedents. in: Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology" Cambridge University Press 334-360, 1990

41 Klohnen, E. C., "Conceptual analysis and measurement of the construct of ego-resiliency" 70 (70): 1067-1079, 1996