미국 학교 인성교육의 동향과 시사점 = Trends and Implications of Character Education in American Schools

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this paper is to illuminate the main features and the present trends in character education in the U.S. and derive implications for Korea. This study focuses on character education in American schools for two reasons. First, the schools in the U.S. have accumulated experience and wisdom in utilizing character education to deal with the social issues Korea is currently facing, such as school violence, juvenile sex, drug issues, and confusion and conflict related to values among the youth, etc. Secondly, the resurgence and expansion of character education in America can provide lessons and implications for Korea.
This paper contains four distinct sections. First, the paper clarifies the meaning of character education, particularly in comparison with moral education. Second, a brief historical review of contemporary American character education is provided. Next, some of the outstanding features and trends in character education in American schools are analyzed. Finally, implications are derived for Korean schools on the preceding analysis, and suggestions are made for educational policies in Korea.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 현재 미국 학교에서 실시되고 있는 인성교육의 특징과 동향을 분석하고 이를 토대로 우리의 인성교육에 대한 시사점을 모색하는데 있다. 본 연구가 미국에 초점을 맞추는 이유는 우선, 현재 우리사회가 겪고 있는 가치의 혼란이나 학교 폭력 등의 문제를 우리보다 앞서 경험한 미국의 학교가 인성교육을 통해 이에 대처하는 사례에서 교훈을 얻을 수 있기 때문이다. 또한, 2차 대전 이후 사회･문화적 격동기를 거치면서 침체되었던 미국의 인성교육이 학교를 중심으로 다시 부활되는 추세 역시 우리의 교육계에 방향성을 제시해 줄 수 있다.
본문을 통해 연구자는 다음과 같은 과업을 수행한다. 첫째, 개념의 명료화를 위해 인성교육과 도덕교육 간의 공통점과 차이점을 조명한다. 둘째, 미국 학교에서의 인성교육의 역사를 간략히 개괄하는 작업을 시도한다. 셋째, 현재 미국의 학교에서 실시되는 인성교육의 특징 및 동향을 분석한다. 넷째, 미국의 인성교육의 성과와 향후 과제에 대한 논의를 토대로 우리나라의 인성교육에 유의미한 시사점을 도출하여 이를 정책적 제언으로 제시한다

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 조강모, "한국과 미국의 초등 도덕 교육 실제에 대한 비교 연구 -미국의 인격교육과 한국의 인성교육을 중심으로" 한국초등도덕교육학회 26 (26): 189-222, 2008

2 정창우, "학교급별 인성교육 실태 및 활성화 방안" 교육부 2013

3 현주, "학교 인성교육 실태분석 연구 : 중학교를 중심으로" 한국교육개발원 2009

4 천세영, "인성교육 비전 수립 및 실천 방안 연구" 교육과학기술부 2012

5 안범희, "미국 학교에서의 인성교육 내용 및 특성 연구" 13 : 133-167, 2005

6 염철현, "미국 초･중등 학생의 학업적, 사회적, 감성적 능력향상을 위한 학습법 소개 및 한국교육에 주는 시사점" 한국교육개발원 2012

7 이돈희, "교육철학개론" 박영사 1999

8 Berkowitz, M. W., "What works in character education" 5 (5): 29-48, 2007

9 What Works Clearinghouse, "WWC topic report: character education" Institute of Education Sciences

10 Battistich, V. A., "Voices : a practioner’s perspective; character education, prevention, and positive youth development" 6 (6): 81-90, 2008

11 Billig, S. H., "Using service learning to promote character education in a large urban district" 6 (6): 21-34, 2008

12 Josephson Institute for Ethics, "The ethics of American youth: 2012"

13 Hunter, J. D., "The death of character" Basic Books 2000

14 Sojourner, R. J., "The Rebirth and Retooling of Character Education in America" McGraw-Hill Research Foundation Research

15 Person, A. E., "Survey of outcomes measurement in research on character education programs" Institute of Education Sciences

16 Smith, B. H., "School-based character education in the United States" 89 (89): 350-355, 2013

17 Hollingshead, B., "Rachel’s challenge; a moral compass for character education" 45 (45): 111-115, 2009

18 Character Education Partnership, "Performance values; why they matter and what schools can do to foster their development" 6 (6): 73-81, 2008

19 McClellan, B. E., "Moral education in America" Columbia University 1999

20 Althof, W., "Moral education and character education : their relationship and roles in citizenship education" 35 (35): 495-518, 2006

21 Lapsley, D., "Moral criteria and character education : a reply to Welch" 40 (40): 527-531, 2011

22 Holtzapple, C. K., "Measuring behavioral outcomes associated with comprehensive character education programs" 9 (9): 57-69, 2011

23 Cooley, A., "Legislating character education : moral education in North Carolina’s public schools" 43 : 188-205, 2008

24 Creasy, K. L., "Is there a place for character education? Online Submission" ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED.501652

25 DeRosier, M. E., "Improving student social behavior : the effectiveness of a storytelling based character education program" 5 (5): 131-148, 2007

26 Russel, J., "How children becomes moral selves" Sussex Academic Press 2008

27 Colby, A., "Handbook of moral and character education" Routledge 391-413, 2008

28 Hart, D., "Handbook of moral and character education" Routledge 484-499, 2008

29 Davidson, M., "Handbook of moral and character education" Routledge 370-390, 2008

30 Wren, T., "Handbook of moral and character education" 11-29, 2008

31 Arthur, J., "Handbook of moral and character education" Routledge 80-98, 2008

32 Shields, D. L., "Handbook of moral and character education" Routledge 500-519, 2008

33 Nucci, L. P., "Handbook of moral and character education" Routledge 2008

34 Narvaez, D., "Handbook of moral and character education" Routlege 310-327, 2008

35 Flay, B., "Elementary school-based programs theorized to support social development, prevent violence, and promote positive school climate" 7 (7): 21-49, 2009

36 Prince, K. C., "Effects of a school based program to improve adaptive school behavior and social competencies among elementary school youth" 8 (8): 39-59, 2010

37 Kaminski, J. W., "Development and validation of outcome measures for the school based social and character development program" 7 (7): 51-73, 2009

38 Shields, D. L., "Coaching for civic character" 9 (9): 25-33, 2011

39 Lickona, T., "Character matters" A Touchtone Book 2004

40 Brannon, B., "Character education; it’s a joint responsibility" 44 (44): 62-65, 2008

41 Prestwich, D. L., "Character education in America’s schools" 14 (14): 139-150, 2004

42 Glover, R. D., "Character education" Human Kinetics 2003

43 Damon, W., "Bringing in a new era of character education" Hoover Institution Press vii-xxii, 2002

44 Schwartz, J. A., "Bringing in a New Era of Character Education" Hoover Institution Press 1-22, 2002

45 Chen, Y. L., "A missing piece of the contemporary character education puzzle : the individualisation of moral character" 32 (32): 345-360, 2013

46 Lawton, D., "A history of western educational ideals" Wolburn Press 2002

47 Character Education Partnership, "11 principles of effective character education"