부패방지 정책 및 활동의 효과성 평가 - 예방적 차원을 중심으로 -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

I. Research Background and Objective□Background of the Research○The problem of corruption- Corruption has been one of the most serious social problems in Korea. The Korean government even proclaimed a “War on Corruption” to curb the problem.- According to diverse sources such as TI CPI and other survey results, the problem of corruption in Korea has lessened since the mid 1990s.- However, corruption is still a serious social problem that needs to be resolved for Korea to become a “well- developed country”.○Causes of corruption and anti- corruption measures- The behavior of corruption is triggered by two major factors of “Opportunity” and “Intention”. “Opportunity” refers to the possibility of realizing corrupt behavior, while “Intention” refers to the willingness to use the opportunity to realize one`s own interest.- The opportunity factor depends on two different dimensions: authority or power of deciding to do something and the environment or social conditions surrounding work practices.- The intention factor depends also on two different dimensions: selfcontrolling work- related ethics and external controls of punishment.○Government approaches to curb the problem of corruption- Until the mid 1990s, Korean government efforts to solve the problem of corruption heavily depended on external control measures of punishment, which tried to deter the intention to realize corruption.- However ever since the mid- 1990s, the Korean government has initiated preventive anti- corruption measures to eradicate corruption- inducing factors.- These preventive measures consist of two dimensions for reducing the opportunity and intention. Preventive measures reducing the opportunity are mitigating work- related corruption- inducing environment and practices, revising work- related rules and regulations and administrative systems. Preventive measures reducing the intention mainly focus on improving public employees` ethical standards and behaviors.□Objective of the Research○Measuring the effectiveness of anti- corruption measures- The purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of anticorruption measures and policies, especially focusing on the effects of preventive measures.- This study also tries to analyze the trend of corruption practices and problems in Korea during the last 40~50 years.○Figuring out effective ways to deal with the corruption problem- Through this evaluation study, we can review and figure out the effectiveness of major types of anti- corruption measures.- By evaluating the effectiveness of major anti- corruption measures, we also can figure out the limitations and problems of the government`s anti- corruption efforts and revise them more effectively.II. Main Research Questions and Analysis Results□Main Research Questions○Review of government`s anti- corruption activities- This study reviews each government`s anti- corruption activities by classifying them as preventive or post- control measures.○Analysis on the trend of corruption problem- This study tries to analyze the trend of corruption problems during the last 50 years or so to figure out the effects of each government`s anti- corruption policies and activities.○Analysis of the effects of different types of anti- corruption policies and activities- This study tries to figure out the effects of anti- corruption policies and activities by classifying them as preventive measures and postcontrol measures.- This study also tries to figure out the effects of specific anticorruption measures within the preventive and post- control approaches.□Analysis Results and Findings○Government approaches to corruption problem- This study indicates that the Korean government has attempted diverse activities and policies to curb the corruption problem.- Government approaches to corruption have changed from controloriented measures to preventive measures.○The problem of corruption is lessening in Korea- According to this study, the problem of corruption in Korea lessening ever since the mid- 1990s. Government efforts to curb the corruption problem by focusing on preventive measures have been very successful.- Among diverse preventive measures, improving the work- related environment and practices is the most effective way to handle the corruption problem. This study finds that improving ethical standards and attitudes is very effective.○The effectiveness of different types of anti- corruption measures- However, this study indicates that control- oriented anti- corruption measures are not very effective in curbing the corruption problem. In particular, government policies and efforts of improving the corruption control system that enhances the possibility of figuring out corrupted behavior are not effective.- Among the preventive measures, this study also indicates that reforming corruption- inducing administrative systems is not effective in reducing corruption.III. Policy Recommendations□Government Needs to Focus on Corruption Issues○Getting better but still a big problem- Corruption in Korea remains a major social problem.- The Government needs to curb the problem of corruption to make Korea a well- developed country. ○The Government needs to activate preventive measures- To curb the problem of corruption more effectively, the Government needs to activate preventive measures rather than post external control measures.- Among preventive measures, the Government needs to change and reform work- related practices and environment, as well as improve public employees` ethical standards and attitudes.- The Government needs to reform corruption- inducing administrative systems by inducing individual institution`s initiatives.- The Government also needs to effectuate the control mechanism of whistle- blower protections and self- audits.