빈곤가정 청소년의 심리사회적 적응 : 가족위험요인과 부모자녀관계의 매개효과 검증 = Poverty and psychosocial adjustment of adolescents: Mediating effects of family risk factors

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

483 adolescents from grade 7 and 8 were sampled from a school in an area with heavy concentration of low income families. Family risk factors, parent-child relations were assessed with self-report measures at time 1; depression and externalizing behavior problems were assessed at time 2, 1 year later. SEM analysis of data from 331 adolescents(162 boys and 169 girls) who participated in both assessments revealed that adverse effects of poverty might operate through different pathways for boys and girls. For girls, family risk factors and poor parent-child relations mediated adverse effects of poverty on both depression and externalizing behavior problems. Family risk factors also had direct influence on depression in girls. Mediating effects of family risk factors and parent-child relations were significant for depression in boys, but their mediating effects for externalizing behavior problems were not supported by boys' data. Direct path from family risk factors to boys' externalizing behavior problems was nearly significant. The results were discussed in terms of implications for preventive intervention programs for adolescents in poverty.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

빈곤이 청소년의 심리사회적 적응에 영향을 미치는 기제를 밝히고자 빈곤가정 밀집지역 중학교 1, 2학년 청소년 483명을 대상으로 가족위험요인, 부모자녀관계를 자기보고식 설문으로 평가하고 1년 후에 우울 및 외현화 문제행동을 평가하였다. 1, 2차 평가에 모두 참여한 331명(남 162명, 여 169명)의 자료를 구조방정식 모형을 통하여 분석한 결과, 빈곤의 부정적 영향이 작용하는 기제가 성별과 부적응의 유형에 따라 다른 것으로 나타났다. 여학생의 경우에는 빈곤이 부모의 부부갈등, 문제성 음주 등 가족위험요인 및 부모자녀관계를 매개변인으로 하여 우울 및 외현화 문제행동으로 이어지는 매개모형이 지지되었으며, 우울에 대해서는 가족위험요인이 추가적으로 직접적인 영향력을 미쳤다. 남학생 집단에서는 우울은 여학생과 마찬가지로 가족위험요인과 부모자녀관계의 매개효과가 지지되었으나, 외현화 문제행동은 부모자녀관계의 매개경로는 유의하지 않았으며, 가족위험요인과의 직접경로만이 유의한 수준에 접근하였다. 본 연구의 결과가 지니는 예방적 개입에 대한 시사점이 논의되었다.

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